公路黄土坝式路堤汛限水位研究  

Study on Flood Limit Level of Highway Loess Dam-like Embankment

作　　者：徐世强[1,2] 折学森[2] 雷胜友[2] 任功全[1] 薛红志[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学理学院,陕西西安710064 [2]长安大学公路学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2015年第3期11-19,共9页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41172262);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2007E204)

摘　　要：为解决公路黄土坝式路堤涵洞泄洪力偏大问题,引入水利中的汛限水位至路堤设计中,针对路堤跨越V形冲沟的上游几何及地质边界条件建立库区模型,按照库水补充损失特点建立补充损失模式,利用极限概率方法得出极限和路堤所属的中间工况,利用渗流力学、蒸发理论得到无放水条件下的蓄水位算式,并根据调研和实测选取的路堤参数进行水位计算,结合有关文献、路堤实际使用和设计情况对计算结果进行分析。分析结果表明:不考虑泥沙影响和路堤高度限制,正常年降雨入库水量条件下,不放水的黄土坝式路堤具有上限的蓄水位,即上限的理想均值水位和上限的高水位;上限水位存在的规律与蓄水年限没有关系,仅与库区的较小年入库来水补充量、蒸发和渗漏引起的较大库水损失量、上大下小库型特点有关;将上限高水位视同于路堤汛限水位的作法能初步改进涵洞泄洪力设计;确定得出坝式路堤的汛限水位是解决涵洞泄洪力偏大问题的关键。Aimed at too large ability of highway loess dam-like embankment spillway,flood limit level in the water conservancy was introduced into embankment design.The reservoir model was established according to the upriver geological and geometrical boundary conditions of the embankment crossing V-shaped gully.The filling-losing model was established according to the characteristics of filling-losing water.Intermediate conditions of embankment and limit were got with upper limit.And the formulas for storage water level were got according to the seepage mechanics theory,evaporation theory in no drain water condition.Subsequently the calculation was carried out on the basis of parameters of embankment through survey and actual measurement,and the results were analyzed based on the literature,actual situation of embankment storage and the design.The results indicate that in no drain water condition the embankment has the upper limit water level on the condition of normal reservoir inflow without consideration of silt and embankment height,that is ideal average water level and upper limit peak water level.The law of upper limit level has no relation with the reservoir impounding time,but relates with the small supplement by yearly filling water,the big consumption by evaporation and seepage,and the big-end-up geometry of the reservoir.Regarding the upper limit peak waterlevel as the embankment flood limit level can improve embankment spillway design for the first time.Determining the embankment flood limit level is the key to solve the too large ability of the spillway.

关 键 词：道路工程 黄土坝式路堤 极限概率法 蓄水位 汛限水位 淤地坝 

分 类 号：U416.169[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]