被害人学在命案现场分析中的应用(Ⅰ)  

Victimology in Homicide Crime Scene Analysis(Part I)

作　　者：闵建雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《刑事技术》2015年第2期105-107,共3页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(No.2015JB017)

摘　　要：被害人学是一门新兴的学科,狭义的被害人学是犯罪学的分支学科,主要研究被害人与犯罪、被害人与案犯的互相关系。国内外学术界普遍关注被害人的法律地位、被害人的赔偿、被害人预防等主题,即使研究被害人与犯罪的关系,也是以深入认识犯罪为目的。在利用被害人信息为命案现场分析提供帮助以打击犯罪方面,国内外学术界关注不多,研究文献较少,比较系统地研究更少。作者根据犯罪过程中被害人与案犯互动的基本原理,结合国内命案现场分析的实践体验,试图将被害人学作为命案现场分析的重要手段。文章作者将陆续分六部分,在概述被害人学研究的基础上,借助24起有代表性的案例分析,旨在比较系统地构建并探讨被害人的个体身份、生活背景、人体损伤、行为反应、生活状态五个方面与命案现场分析的关系,特别是涉及作案动机和案犯刻画方面的关联价值。文章的目的是期望被害人研究能得到同行们的关注,以便进一步提高命案现场分析的准确性,为侦查破案发挥更大的作用。Victimology, an emerging discipline, narrowly a branch of criminology, studies the relationship between victims and crime, victims and offenders. Presently most scholars pay more attention to victims＇ legal status, compensation, prevention, and other things involved. Even if the study is concerning with the relationship between victim and crime, it aims to deeply understand the crime. There are few home and abroad studies about how to use the information of victims for analysis of homicide crime scene. The author tries to use it as a resort to analyze the homicide scene according to the interactions between victims and offenders and in combination with the practical experiences, serially expounding views and opinions to be published in this magazine. The article includes six parts and will be published in installment. After an overview of victimology, twenty-four representative cases analyses are presented to systematically construct and discuss the relationship between homicide scene analysis and such aspects as individual identity, life background, body injury, behavioral responses and life state of victims, with the purpose of assistance in determining criminal motives and characterizing the criminals. The article serves as an informative and valuable resource to draw more peers＇ attentions to further improve the accuracy of homicide scene analysis, and therefore play a greater role in crime investigation.

关 键 词：被害人学 命案现场分析 作案动机 案犯刻画 

分 类 号：D917[政治法律—法学]