东中国海黑潮影响热带气旋强度的观测分析和数值模拟  

Observational analysis and numerical simulation of influence of Kuroshio over East China Sea on intensity of tropical cyclones

作　　者：周婉君[1,2,3] 徐海明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]气象灾害教育部重点实验室(南京信息工程大学),江苏南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学大气科学学院,江苏南京210044 [3]上海市公共气象服务中心,上海200030

出　　处：《大气科学学报》2015年第1期9-18,共10页Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2012CB955602);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41275094);江苏省"青蓝工程"资助项目;江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：采用1982—2008年高分辨率海温资料及日本气象厅热带气旋资料,对6—8月经过东海黑潮海区的热带气旋进行统计,发现经过该关键海区的热带气旋中有30%的热带气旋强度加强,而其中沿黑潮暖舌方向的热带气旋中有90%的个例出现增强趋势。对其中迅速加强的热带气旋进行合成分析,发现黑潮暖舌区的热通量增加对此类热带气旋的强度起到重要的促进作用。选取热带气旋个例Noguri为研究对象,通过中尺度数值模式再现其经过黑潮暖舌区加强的过程,并设计两组试验来进一步探究东海黑潮暖舌对台风强度的影响。模拟研究表明,黑潮暖舌对热带气旋强度的增强作用要强于热带气旋引起的冷水上翻所产生的减弱作用,东海黑潮暖舌主要通过增强海表面热通量来增强台风对流发展从而促使台风加强。Based on the AVHRR high-resolution sea surface temperatures and the tropical cyclone（ TC）dataset of Japan Meteorological Agency during 1982—2008,statistical analyses are firstly performed to study effects of Kuroshio over East China Sea on TCs in summer（ JJA）. The statistical analyses reveal that thirty percent of TC cases are strengthened when they pass the key Kuroshio region,while ninety percent of TC cases across the warm tongue of Kuroshio are intensified. Then,based on the composite analysis method,six rapidly intensified TCs are selected to study the effect mechanism of Kuroshio enhancing TCs,indicating that the increased heat fluxes along the warm tongue of Kuroshio play an important role in strengthening the intensity of TCs. Finally,a mesoscale numerical model（ WRF） is used to study the effect of Kuroshio on TC Noguri—a typical intensified case in 2002. The WRF model well reproduces the rapidly intensified process of Noguri when it passes the warm tongue of Kuroshio. Two sensitivity experiments are designed to further explore the influence of the warm tongue on the intensity of TC with different seasurface temperatures. Numerical results show that the enhanced effect by the warm tongue of Kuroshio is much larger than the weakened effect by cold water due to TC-induced upwelling. As a result,the warm tongue of Kuroshio excites cumulus convection and then enhances intensity of TC through increasing sea surface heat fluxes.

关 键 词：热带气旋强度 东中国海黑潮 观测分析 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P461.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P444