上海地区酸雨气候特征及成因分析  

The climatic characteristics and formation of acid rain in Shanghai

作　　者：杜建飞 成天涛[2] 马剑丽[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海市宝山区气象局,上海201901 [2]复旦大学环境科学与工程系,上海200433 [3]上海市宝山区环境监测站,上海201901

出　　处：《大气科学学报》2015年第1期137-143,共7页Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41075096;21190053;21177025;21077025;40975075);上海市科委基础研究重大项目(12DJ1400100;12DZ2260200);上海市气象局区县局科技开发项目(QX200710);教育部博士点前沿领域(0110071130003);欧盟FP7计划(AMIS;PIRSES-GA-2011)

摘　　要：基于宝山及浦东两个气象站的酸雨历史观测资料,分析了上海地区酸雨长期变化的气候特征及其形成原因,并对比分析降水酸度的空间分布差异。宝山站降水总体上呈弱酸性,多年平均p H值为5.21,酸雨率为24%。降水p H值年际变化仅呈现微弱下降趋势,电导率K值呈明显地逐年上升变化,平均每年增加2.0μs·cm-1,而酸雨率波动较大,由2004年8%增至2009年48%。降水p H值在冷季较低,暖季较高,电导率K值正相反。浦东酸雨平均p H值4.38,低于宝山的5.08,酸雨率浦东79.5%,远高于宝山的33%。大气污染物SO2、NO2及PM10浓度与酸雨p H值呈负线性相关,而与电导率K值呈正相关。大气颗粒物含量、污染物化学组成、降水量、风向等对降水p H值及酸雨率变化具有重要的影响作用。Based on the historical observation data of acid rain at Baoshan and Pudong in Shanghai,the long-term trend and formation of regional acid rain changes and the spatial distribution of precipitation acidity were analyzed. Generally speaking,precipitation at Baoshan site shows weak acidity,the mean rainfall p H is 5. 21 and the mean acid rain rate is 24%. The inter-annual variation of rainfall p H shows a slightly downward trend. The electrical conductivity K increases obviously year by year with an average annual increase at 2 μs·cm- 1. The acid rain rate fluctuates from 8% in 2004 to 48% in 2009. The rainfall p H is usually low er in cold season and higher in w arm season. It is the opposite for the electrical conductivity K. The average p H of acid rain in Pudong is 4. 38,low er than that in Baoshan at 5. 08. The acid rain rate in Pudong is 79. 5%,much higher than that in Baoshan at 33%. Atmospheric pollutants SO2,NO2 and PM10concentrations are negatively correlated w ith rain p H and positively related to electrical conductivity. Atmospheric particulate pollutants,chemical composition,precipitation and w ind direction exert important effects on the changes of precipitation p H and acid rain rate.

关 键 词：上海 酸雨 气候特征 

分 类 号：X517[环境科学与工程—环境工程]