不同干扰方式对内蒙古典型草原土壤有机碳和全氮的影响  

Impacts of Different Disturbances on Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen of Typical Steppe in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：杨勇[1,2] 宋向阳 咏梅[3] 李兰花 陈海军 王保林 陈国清[1] 王瑞利[1,4] 刘爱军 王明玖[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古自治区草原勘察规划院,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [3]内蒙古包头市草原工作站,内蒙古包头014010 [4]内蒙古自治区生物技术研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010071

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第2期204-210,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项(201204202);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目"不同生态类型区域生态评估及风险预测技术研究"(2014年3月8日立项);内蒙古自治区研究生教育创新计划资助项目(B20141012907Z);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(20130438);呼和浩特市科技计划项目(2013150103000036)

摘　　要：为准确把握草原生态保护与修复工程的实施效果,并为北方草地生态保护和优化管理提供有效的科学支持,选择内蒙古典型草原退牧还草工程区为研究对象,采用野外成对取样（围栏内-围栏外）与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了休牧、补播和自由放牧3种人为干扰方式对土壤容重、含水量、有机碳和全氮含量的影响。结果表明：在0~30 cm土层,随深度的增加,不同干扰方式对各指标的影响不同,但总体上草原土壤含水量、有机碳和全氮含量表现为补播﹥休牧﹥自由放牧（P〈0.05）;土壤容重为自由放牧〉休牧〉补播（P〈0.05）。随土层深度增加,除土壤容重无显著变化外（P〉0.05）,土壤有机碳和全氮含量均呈现显著下降（P〈0.05）;土壤含水量则相反,其中,补播处理降幅最小,自由放牧处理降幅最大。0~30 cm各土层土壤容重与土壤含水量、土壤有机碳和全氮含量都成极显著负相关关系（P〈0.000 1）,而土壤含水量、有机碳和全氮3项指标间相互成显著正相关关系（P〈0.000 1）。综上所述,不同干扰方式对草地土壤理化性状有明显影响,自由放牧加速了草地土壤有机碳和全氮的损失,而补播和休牧对遏制草地退化、恢复草地功能起到了积极的作用。To accurately understand the effect of“Grassland ecological protection and restoration program”and to provide effective scientific support for northern grassland＇s ecological protection and optimal management, a typical grassland of“Returning Grazing Land to Normal Grassland Project”was chosen as the research site for grassland condition monitoring. The integrating method of outdoor sampling （in-fence＆amp;out-fence） and indoor analyzing was used to analyze the impacts of three kinds of human interference, non-grazing, reseeding and free-grazing on soil density, soil moisture content, organic carbon and the total nitrogen content. The results showed that with the increase of soil layer from 0~30 cm, soil moisture, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents ranked in different treatments as reseeding〉non-grazing〉free-grazing （P〈0.05）;the soil density ranked as free-grazing〉non-grazing〉reseeding （P〈0.05）. With the increase of soil depth, the soil density showed no significant change （P〈0.05）, while soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents decreased significantly （P〈0.05）;soil moisture content was opposite. The soil density was significantly negatively correlated to the soil moisture, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents at each layer （P〈0.000 1）, whereas the soil moisture , organic carbon and total nitrogen contents were positively correlated each other （P〈0.000 1）. To sum up, different treatments of interference got significant effects on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Free-grazing accelerated the loss of the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, while non-grazing and reseeding played an effective role in halting the grassland degradation and recovering grassland function.

关 键 词：补播 休牧 自由放牧 典型草原 土壤有机碳 土壤全氮 土壤含水量 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]