高效纤维素降解菌的筛选及复合菌系的构建  

Screening of Highly Efficient Cellulose Degradation Microbes and Construction of Composite Strains

作　　者：王海滨[1,2] 韩立荣[1,2] 冯俊涛[1,2] 张兴[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省生物农药工程技术研究中心,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学植保资源与病虫害治理研究中心,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2015年第4期421-431,共11页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(No.2011AA10A202-1)

摘　　要：本研究旨在筛选高效纤维素降解菌,组建复合菌系,用于堆肥接种剂的开发。通过纤维素刚果红选择性培养基,从腐殖土、堆肥样品中分离高效纤维素降解常温菌和耐高温菌。经过羧甲基纤维素酶活(carboxymethyl cellulase,CMCase)、滤纸条崩解能力、对稻杆及苦参(Sophora flavescens Ait.)残渣在液态和固态发酵条件下的降解能力测定逐级淘汰,筛选高效菌株组建复合菌系。研究结果表明,通过拮抗作用、单一菌株在复合菌系中作用测定,最终构建了由3株细菌(弗留明拜叶林克氏菌(Beijerinckia fluminensis)、微杆菌(Microbacterium sp.)和芽胞杆菌(Bacillus sp.)),1株链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.)和1株毛壳菌(Chaetomium sp.)组成的木质纤维素降解高效复合菌系。供试菌株在液态发酵条件下对稻杆和苦参残渣的降解效果明显强于固态发酵,稻杆比苦参残渣更容易被大多数微生物降解,供试真菌在稻杆和苦参残渣的降解中普遍表现出较高的降解效果。筛选得到弗留明拜叶林克氏菌XM-3可以在48 h内将滤纸条完全崩解,复合菌系在固态发酵20 d后对苦参残渣和稻秆的降解率分别达到31.4%和63.1%。本研究对堆肥接种剂的开发具有参考和借鉴意义。Arming at screening mesophilic and high temperature resistant microbes of highly efficient cellulose-degradation and constructing composite strains for application as compost inoculant, the microbes were isolated using cellulose Congo red selective medium under room and high temperatures from humus soil and compost samples. Detections of carboxymethyl cellulase（CMCase） activity, filter paper degradation and degradation ability of rice straw and radix（Sophorae flavescens Ait.） residues under liquid and solid state fermentation conditions of isolated microbes were performed, and highly efficient microbes which were used to construct the composite strains were selected. The finally constructed lignocellulose degradation composite strains of high efficiency, which was determined by antagonism and single strain contribution among the composite strains analysis, contained 3 bacteria（Beijerinckia fluminensis, Microbacterium sp. and Bacillus sp.）, 1 Streptomyces sp. and 1 Chaetomiura sp.. Results showed that the degradation effects on rice straw and radix residues were stronger by the tested microbes under liquid state fermentation than in the solid state fermentation. The rice straw was more likely to be degraded by most of the tested strains than the radix residues, and the fungi species showed greater effects among the tested microbes in the rice straw and radix residues degradation. The Beijerinckia fluminensis strain XM-3 degraded the filter paper stripe completely within 48 h. The composite strains degraded 31.4% and 63.1% of the radix residues and rice straw after 20 d of solid state fermentation. This study provides reference for the development of compost inoculants.

关 键 词：筛选 纤维素降解菌 滤纸崩解 复合菌系 苦参残渣 

分 类 号：S435.111.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]