湖北乌羊与3个地缘邻近山羊品种间的遗传趋异性研究  

The Genetic Difference Between Hubei Black Boned- goat(Capra hircus) and the Other Three Neighboring Goat Breeds

作　　者：赵勤涛[1] 刘桂琼[1] 姜勋平[1] 黄勇富[2] 王党伟[1] 王高富[3] 王建国 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学动物科技学院,武汉430070 [2]西南大学动物科技学院,重庆400715 [3]重庆市畜牧科学院,重庆402460 [4]湖北多羔生物育种科技有限公司,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2015年第4期521-529,共9页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家现代肉羊产业技术体系项目(CARS-39-A)

摘　　要：本研究以波尔山羊（Capra hircus）为外缘,研究湖北乌羊与地缘邻近的酉州乌羊、麻城黑山羊、南江黄羊3个山羊品种间的遗传分化程度及基因流动情况.利用14对单核苷酸多态（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）位点对5个品种的基因杂合度（allele heterozygosity,h）、香农指数（Shannon-Weiner index,S）和有效等位基因数（the efficient allelic number,Ne）等反映群体遗传多样性的数据进行分析;通过分析湖北乌羊与其他3个地方山羊品种的基因流动（Ⅳm）、遗传分化（genetic differentiation）情况,研究遗传分化和地理距离（D）之间的关系,并利用遗传距离（Ds）构建5个山羊群体的聚类图.结果表明,在5个山羊品种中,湖北乌羊具有最高的遗传多样性,与其他4个品种间的Nm大小在1.571 6～3.178 7之间,表明基因流动较大;群体间分化系数（Fst）在0.072 9～0.137 2之间,呈中度分化.非加权组平均法（unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means,UPGMA）构建的聚类图表明,湖北乌羊与其地缘临近的3个品种间存在较大的遗传分化而自成一支.研究还发现,湖北乌羊与其他3个地方品种间的标准遗传距离与地理距离间存在相关（r=0.934）,遗传分化程度与地理距离存在直线相关性.研究结果提示,湖北乌羊与其地地缘临近的3个品种间仍存在较大的遗传分化,且遗传变异丰富,但该种群的快速扩散使其与其他品种间有着较大的基因流动,因此有必要采取保种措施以防止该种质遗传资源被杂交、稀释而丢失.本研究结果为湖北乌羊的保护和选育工作提供了参考依据。In order to analyse the situation of gene flow（Nm） and the degree of genetic differentiation, Hubei black-boned goat（Capra hircus） and other 3 geographical closely breeds of Youzhou black goat, Macheng black goat and Nanjiang yellow goat, as well as Boer goat as out group breed, were chosen in the preset research. Allele heterozygosity（h）, Shannon-Weiner index（S） and the efficient allelic number（Ne） which can reflect population genetic diversity were calculated using 14 single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） markers of the 5 goat breeds. Meanwhile, the situation of gene flow and genetic differentiation between Hubei black- boned goat and the other 3 local goat breeds were also analyzed, with the linear model relationship establishment between geographical distance and genetic differentiation. Moreover, the clustering figure of the 5 populations was built using the genetic distance （Ds） data. The results showed that Hubei black-boned goat had the highest value of both allele heterozygosity （h）, Shannon-Weiner index （S） and the efficient allelic number （Ne） which suggested Hubei black-boned goat had the most abundant genetic variation. The also finding was that the genetic differentiation（Fst） was medium which ranged from 0.072 9 to 0.137 2 between Hubei black-boned goat and other 4 goat populations, but the gene flow（Nm） was large of which ranged from 1.571 6 to 3.178 7. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means（UPGMA） based clustering figure showed that Hubei black-boned goat was put the outermost of the graph for large genetic differentiation. Otherwise, there was positive linear relationship between genetic differentiation and geographical distance, genetic distance（Ds） and geographical distance（D） also had correlation relationship （r=0.934）. There were significant genetic differentiation between Hubei black-boned goat and the other 3 goat populations and Hubei black-boned goat had the most abundant genetic variation, but the large gene flow

关 键 词：湖北乌羊 遗传分化 基因流动(Nm) 遗传距离(Ds) 单核苷酸多态(SNP) 

分 类 号：S888.31[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]