2012-2013年广州地区呼吸道合胞病毒感染的流行特征分析  

Epidemiology of respiratory syncytical virus infection in Guangzhou from 2012 to 2013

作　　者：钟慧玲[1,2] 徐霖[2,3,4] 张素粉[1,2] 罗虹娇 曾谷城[2] 曹开源[1,2,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学临床检验标准化研究中心,广东广州510080 [2]中山大学中山医学院微生物学教研室,广东广州510080 [3]中山大学热带病防治研究教育部重点实验室,广东广州510080 [4]广东省重大传染病预防和控制中心,广东广州510080

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2015年第3期292-295,306,共5页Journal of Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家重大传染病防治科技重大项目(2012ZX10004-213)

摘　　要：目的分析2012-2013年广州地区急性呼吸道感染人群中呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染的流行状况和流行特点,为RSV感染的治疗和预防提供参考。方法收集2012年1月至2013年12月广州地区11家哨点医院发热同时伴有呼吸道感染症状病人的鼻咽拭子标本3 943份,采用巢式PCR的方法检测RSV的核酸,同时结合患者的临床基本信息,分析RSV的感染情况和人群、时间分布特点,对RSV阳性的标本进一步进行流感病毒（IFV）等7种常见呼吸道病毒的检测以了解其多重感染情况。结果共收集3 943份鼻咽拭子,1 374份来自门急诊病例,2 569份来自住院病例,男性2 446份,女性1 497份,年龄范围从0~98岁。共检出RSV阳性标本419份,检出率为10.63%,其中住院病例检出率（15.30%）高于门急诊病例（1.89%）,男性检出率（11.28%）高于女性检出率（9.55%）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。所有人群中,婴幼儿（0~3岁）的检出率最高,为20.18%,占所有阳性病例的81.86%,随着年龄的增长RSV感染有下降趋势,中老年人的检出率有所升高。RSV感染的高峰期在1-4月,不同月份RSV的检出率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=3 068.914,P〈0.05）。阳性病例中100例病例混合感染了至少一种其他呼吸道病毒,占RSV总阳性病例的23.87%,85例为双重感染（85%）,15例为三重感染（15%）,流感病毒是最常见的混合感染病毒。结论 2012-2013年广州地区RSV感染以婴幼儿为主;住院病例感染率高于门急诊病例;高峰为1-4月,最常见的混合感染病毒是IFV。Objective To investigate the epidemic conditions of respiratory syncytical virus RSV infection in patients with fever and respiratory tract infections in Guangzhou from 2012 to 2013, and provide reference material for monitor and prevention for RSV. Methods 3 943 throat swabs of patients with fever and respiratory tract infections from 11 hospitals were collected from Jan 2012 to Dec 2013 in Guangzhou. RSV was detected with nest-PCR. The demographic distribution characteristics and detection results for different case type, sex, age and time were analyzed based on the clinical information of the patients. For the RSV positive samples, other seven common respiratory viruses including IFV were detected to analyze co-infection. Results There were totally 3 943 swabs collected. Among them, 1 374 were from outpatients and2 569 from inpatients; 2 446 were males and 1 497 were females; the age was ranged from 0 to 98 years old. 419 samples were RSV positive, with a detection rate of 10.63%.The detection rate of inpatients（15.30%） was higher than that of outpatients（1.89%）, and the detection rate of males（11.28%） was higher than that of females（9.55%）.Among all the age groups, infants and young children（0~3 years old） showed the highest detection rate of 20.18%,accounting for 81.86% of all positive cases. With the increase of the age, the infection rate of RSV decline, whereas in middle-aged and aged people, RSV detection rate increased again. RSV detection rate was higher from January to April than in other months. RSV infection rate was statistically significant different in different months（χ2=3 068.914,P〈0.05）.There were 100 RSV positive patients co-infected with at least one respiratory virus, with the co-infection rate of23.87%. A total of 85 cases were double-infection（85%）, and 15 were triple co-infection（15%）. IFV was the most commonly co-infected virus. Conclusions Infants and young children were the most susceptible age groups to RSV infection in Guangzhou from 2012 to 2013.

关 键 词：呼吸道合胞病毒 急性呼吸道感染 流行病学 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]