从流散海外殷末青铜器见帝辛十五祀征夷方史事  

War against Yifang in the 15th Year of Dixin's Reign Recorded on Late Shang Bronzes in Overseas Collections

作　　者：韦心滢[1] 

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院,北京100009

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2015年第3期43-53,共11页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：流散海外的小臣艅犀尊、小子卣和小子□簋同属殷末青铜器,其铭文提及"来征夷方"、"望夷方■"与"伐夷方■"等内容,通过铭末记年及关键人物"夷方■",又能和上海博物馆藏甲骨系联。本文透过三器铭文和卜辞中所见殷末征夷方内容,钩沉帝辛十五祀征夷方过程、路线及参与人员等史实。得知此次战役时间由帝辛十四年十月延续至十五年四月,历时约九个月。作战过程为兵分二路,首先由小子■先至堇地,观察监视夷方的动静,商王根据回报在地做出了戔夷方的决定,并随后率领臣属与多侯展开征伐行动。另一方面■在上■命令小子□征伐夷方,与王师会合。由征伐途经地点来看,商王国军队和夷方伯可能交战于安徽北部、江苏北部和山东西南之间的区域。The three late Shang dynasty bronzes now in overseas collections- ＂小臣艅 ＂ rhinoceros-shaped zun, ＂小子□ ＂ you and ＂小子□＂ gui- bear inscriptions related to wars againt Yifang, such as ＂来征夷方＂, ＂望夷方 ＂ and ＂伐夷方 ＂. Dates recorded at t he end of t hese inscriptions and the personal name ＂夷方□ ＂ can be compared with inscriptions on oracle bones in the Shanghai Museum. The current author studies the above mentioned inscriptions to find out the process, routes and participants of the war against Yifang in the 15 th year of Dixin＇s reign. The war lasted for about nine months, from the 10 th month in the 14 th year of Dixin＇s reign to the 4th month in the 15 th year. The Shang army was divided to two branches. On the one hand, ＂小子□ ＂ was sent to ＂堇＂ for a survey about ＂夷方□ ＂. Upon receiving information about the enemy, the Shang king, at ＂□ ＂, decided to start war against Yifang [戔夷方] and led the army and vassal states to go on a punitive expedition. On the other, at ＂上□ ＂, ＂□ ＂ ordered ＂小子□＂ to attack ＂夷方□ ＂ and join the king＇s forces. Recorded place names indicate that the war probably took place somewhere in northern Anhui and Jiangsu and southwestern Shandong.

关 键 词：帝辛十五祀 征夷方 夷方□ 小子□卣 

分 类 号：K876.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]