上海市青浦区电焊企业锰暴露状况调查  

Investigation on exposure to manganese in welding enterprises of Qingpu District in Shanghai

作　　者：叶开友 徐瑞芳[1] 顾春[1] 徐惠芳[1] 陆辰汝 

机构地区：[1]上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心,201700

出　　处：《职业与健康》2015年第5期586-588,共3页Occupation and Health

基　　金：上海市青浦区区科委资助项目(项目编号:青科发2011-20)

摘　　要：目的了解上海市青浦区电焊企业作业场所中锰暴露水平,为辖区做好锰暴露危害防控工作提供基础资料。方法采用分层随机抽样方法在24家涉锰电焊企业抽取68名电焊工,采用个体长时间采样方法对作业环境进行采样,用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行锰的检测。结果 21人(30.88%)锰暴露浓度超出国家职业卫生标准检出限值;电焊作业时间≤4 h工人锰暴露浓度检测合格率为100%,电焊作业时间>4 h工人锰暴露浓度检测合格率为66.67%;高锰焊材组锰时间加权平均(TWA)浓度合格率(51.51%)低于低锰焊材组锰TWA合格率(88.57%)(χ2=12.787,P=0.000);高锰焊材组锰TWA均值(0.193 mg/m3)是低锰焊材组TWA均值(0.039 mg/m3)的4.9倍(Z=-4.785,P=0.000)。结论长时间电焊作业以及高锰焊材的使用使得电焊岗位锰职业危害加重,企业应加强电焊作业场所的通风,选用锰含量低的焊材,缩短连续焊接时间,加强个体防护,预防锰中毒的发生。[Objective]To understand the concentrations of manganese exposure in workplaces of welding enterprises of Qingpu District in Shanghai, provide basic information for preventing and controlling the harm from the exposure to manganese. [Methods] 68 welding workers were selected from 24 manganese-related enterprises by stratified random sampling method. The samples were collected by personal long time sampling method, and the concentration of manganese was determined by flame atomicabsorption spectrometry method. [Results]The concentrations of manganese exposure in 21 （30.88% ） samples exceeded the national occupational exposure limit. The qualified rate of concentrations of manganese exposure in workers whose exposure times were less than or equal to 4 hours reached 100%, while only 66.67% of the workers whose exposure times were more than 4 hours had the qualified results in concentrations of manganese exposure. The qualified rate of time weighted average concentration（TWA） of manganese in high manganese soldering material group （51.55% ） was lower then that in low manganese soldering material group （88.57%） significantly （X2=12.787, P=0.000）. The average TWA of manganese in high manganese soldering material group was 0.193 mg/m3, which was 4.9 times as much as that in the low manganese soldering material group （Z=-4.785, P=0.000）. [Conclusion]Long-time welding and using high manganese soldering material cause serious occupational hazard of manganese. The enterprises should strengthen the ventilation in welding workplaces, use low manganese soldering material, shorten the continuous welding hours, and improve the individual protection, to prevent the manganese poisoning.

关 键 词：锰 锰中毒 个体采样 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]