深圳市石岩街道学龄期儿童近视的流行病学调查  

Epidemiological investigation on myopia among school-age children of Shiyan Sub-District in Shenzhen City

作　　者：李建安[1] 奚江明 张国芳[1] 何鞍生 杨立彪[1] 陈玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省深圳市宝安区石岩人民医院,518108

出　　处：《职业与健康》2015年第5期658-660,共3页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广东省深圳市宝安区科技局非资助项目(项目编号:2013288)

摘　　要：目的了解学龄期儿童近视眼的发病情况及其相关因素,并提出预防措施。方法于2013年对深圳市石岩街道辖区内11所学校的20 436名1~9年级学生进行问卷调查,调查近视的可能危险因素。结果小学生近视检出率为29.21%,初中生检出率为63.55%,平均37.01%。女生近视检出率明显高于男生（χ2=31.269,P〈0.01）,近视组学生的平均户外活动时间显著少于视力正常组（t=2.271,P〈0.05）,而平均每天近距离用眼的时间明显多于正常组（t=2.439,P〈0.05）。父母有近视其孩子的近视发生率较父母均无近视的高（χ2=5.201,P〈0.05）,其OR值为1.59。结论学龄期儿童近视眼的发病率高,与近距离用眼多和平均户外活动时间少有关,应尽早改善儿童的生活环境和生活方式,尽量减少近距离用眼时间并增加户外活动,尽量使用自然光线,以减慢学龄期儿童的近视进展。[Objective]To investigate the incidence rate of myopia and its correlative factor in school-age children, and put forward the prevention measures.[Mcthods]A total of 20 436 students in grades 1-9 from 11 schools in the area of Shiyan Sub-District of Shenzhen City, were surveyed. Questionnaires were given to students selected for the survey of potential risk factors of myopia. [Results]The detection rate of myopia was 29.21% among primary students and 63.55% among junior high students, with the average value of 37.01%. Girls had a obviously higher rate than boys（χ2=31.269,P〈0.05）. The average outdoor time for the group of students with myopia was significantly shorter than the group of students with normal vision （t=2.271 ,P〈0.05）, while the daily average time of near-vision work for the former group was obviously longer than the latter one （t =2.439,P〈0.05 ）. Myopia rate of children with parents who also suffered from myopia was higher than those whose parents both had normal sight（χ2=5.201, P〈0.05）, with the OR value of 1.59. [Conclusion]The myopia incidence rate of school-age children is high, related to more nearvision work and less outdoor activities. To improve children＇s living environment and way of life as soon as possible, myopia progression in school-age children may be slowed by less near-vision work, more outdoor activities and more time spent in natural light.

关 键 词：学龄期儿童 近视 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]