连续施用发酵猪粪对土壤中四环素抗性基因数量的影响  

Abundance of the tetracycline resistance genes in a paddy soil after continuous application of composted swine manure for 6 years

作　　者：彭双[1,2] 王一明[1,2] 林先贵[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所、土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所-香港浸会大学土壤与环境联合开放实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2015年第4期1173-1180,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21377137,20607024);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05020800);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B04)

摘　　要：为了研究连续施用发酵猪粪之后,土壤中抗性基因的数量以及发酵猪粪的施用量对土壤抗性基因的影响,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,对稻麦轮作模式下连续6年施用4.5t/hm2和9.0t/hm2发酵猪粪的土壤进行了四环素抗性基因（TRGs）的检测和定量分析.在施用发酵猪粪的土壤中能够检测到9种TRGs.施用发酵猪粪显著增加了土壤中tet G、tet L、tet B（P）、tet O、tet W的绝对数量,其中tet B（P）、tet W、tet O的绝对数量受到了施肥用量的影响;而tet Z、tet C和tet S的绝对数量则没有受到施肥的影响.上述8种TRGs在同一施肥处理的0～5cm、5～10cm以及10～20cm土壤中的相对丰度分布均无显著差异.发酵猪粪的施用也显著增加了tet G、tet L、tet B（P）和tet O的相对丰度,但是仅有tet O的相对丰度受到了施肥用量的显著影响.本研究表明,在稻麦轮作模式下,农田土壤中的TRGs数量会受到发酵猪粪中残留TRGs的影响,连续施用该粪肥会显著增加土壤中tet G、tet L、tet B（P）和tet O的绝对数量和相对丰度.因此,需要优化畜禽粪堆肥发酵工艺,以减少抗性基因在粪肥中的残留。In the present study, the occurrence and abundance of tetracycline resistance genes（TRGs） were investigated in a paddy soil after continuous application of composted swine manure（9.0t/hm2 and 4.5t/hm2） for 6years. Nine classes of TRGs（tet W, tet B（P）, tet O, tet S, tet C, tet G, tet Z, tet L, and tet X） was detected in the soil applied with composted swine manure, among which the absolute abundance of tet G, tet L, tet B（P）, tet O, tet W were significantly increased, and there were significantly more copies of tet B（P）, tet W, tet O in the soil treated with 9.0t/hm2 composted swine manure than with 4.5t/hm2, while the absolute abundance of tet Z, tet C and tet S was not influenced. There was no significant difference in the relative abundance of detected TRGs distributed with a depth of 0～5cm, 5～10cm, and 10～20cm in the same treatment. The relative abundance of tet G, tet L, tet B（P） and tet O was significantly increased in the soils treated with composted swine manure, but only tet O was influenced by the application weight of the manure. The results suggested that the residual TRGs in the composted swine manure shed further influence on the TRGs pool in soils with rice-wheat crop rotation, absolute and relative abundance of tet G, tet L, tet B（P） and tet O being significantly increased after continuous application of composted swine manure. Therefore, optimization of composting strategies is urgently needed to efficiently reduce the content of antibiotic resistance genes in the composted swine manure.

关 键 词：四环素抗性基因 粪肥农用 基因污染 耐药性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R944.6[医药卫生—药剂学]