牡丹江中游底栖动物分布及其与栖境因子的关系  

Correlation analysis of macroinvertebrate community and habitat factors in the middle reaches of Mudan River

作　　者：王皓冉[1] 陈永灿[1] 刘昭伟[1] 朱德军[1] 段亚飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2015年第4期1197-1204,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51039002,51279078);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07201002);清华大学自主科研计划(20121088082)

摘　　要：2013年秋季对牡丹江中游的3条河流(牡丹江、蛤蟆河、卧龙溪)150km河段进行大型底栖动物野外采样,共采集到大型底栖动物18种,隶属于3门5纲11目16科,其中昆虫纲(Insecta)、腹足纲(Gastropoda)和寡毛纲(Oligochaeta)物种居多.通过典范对应分析(CCA),研究大型底栖动物群落结构与主要的栖息地环境因子之间的相关关系,并通过香农-威纳(Shannon-Wiener)指数等生物多样性指数分析评价河流等级对物种多样性的影响.研究表明,流速、溶解氧、底质中的砾石含量是牡丹江中游影响大型底栖动物分布的关键栖息地环境因子,河流等级对底栖动物群落结构有一定影响,牡丹江干流底栖动物物种多样性高于支流,平均生物密度低于支流,且河流间等级差距越大,差异越显著.In October 2013, a field investigation was done in 3rivers（Mudan River, Hama River and Wolong stream） in the middle reaches of Mudan River Basin. A total of 18 benthic macroinvertebrates species were collected from 20 samping sites, which belonged to 3phyla, 5classes, 11 orders, 16 families and were dominated by Insecta, Gastropoda, Oligochaeta. Canonical correspondence analysis（CCA） was further applied to reveal relationship between macroinvertebrate community and the main habitat factors in the sampling sites. Multiple biodiversity indices including Shannon-Wiener index were applied to assess the impact of river orders on the biodiversity. The study demonstrated that flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, gravel substrates were the most important habitat factors influencing the composition and distribution of macroinvertebrates across the sites, and river orders could also affect the macroinvertebrate community. The biodiversity of macroinvertebrates in Mudan River was higher than that in its tributaries, while the average density was lower than its tributaries. The significance of this principle was increased along with the river orders.

关 键 词：牡丹江 大型底栖动物 典范对应分析 栖息地环境因子 河流等级 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X171