饲料中添加植物精油对凡纳滨对虾生长性能及肠道健康的改善作用  

Improvement Effect of Dietary Plant Essential Oil on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：王猛强 黄晓玲[1] 金敏[1] 霍雅文 黄文文[1] 李弋[1] 周歧存[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海洋学院,宁波315211

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2015年第4期1163-1171,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家公益性(农业)行业专项(201003020);宁波市农业攻关项目(2011C10006)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲料中添加植物精油对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标及肠道绒毛的影响。试验共配制5种试验饲料,试验饲料中植物精油的添加量分别为0、0、0.02%、0、0.02%,对应的鱼粉含量依次为25%(对照组)、22%、22%、19%、19%。选取初重为(0.33±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾750尾,随机分为5组(每组5个重复,每个重复30尾),分别饲喂1种试验饲料,试验期为8周。结果表明:降低饲料鱼粉含量的同时添加植物精油可显著升高凡纳滨对虾的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)(P<0.05),但对存活率(SR)、肝体比(HSI)无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加植物精油的2个组的饲料效率(FE)与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),未添加植物精油的2个组的FE均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,添加植物精油的2个组的WGR、SGR、PER仍显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各组凡纳滨对虾的全虾和肌肉营养成分及血清生化指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。透射电镜观察中肠超微结构发现,与未添加植物精油相比,饲料中添加植物精油能显著改善凡纳滨对虾肠道绒毛脱落状况。由此得出,在降低鱼粉含量的情况下,饲料中添加0.02%的植物精油能够改善凡纳滨对虾的生长性能及肠道健康。An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary plant essential oil on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indexes and intestinal villus of Litopenaeus vannamei. Five experimental diets were formulated, and the plant essential oil supplemental levels and fish meal contents in those experimental diets were 0 and 25% （ control group） , 0 and 22%, 0.02% and 22%, 0 and 19%, 0.02%and 19%, respectively. A total of 750 Litopenaeus vannamei with the initial body weight of （0.33＆#±0.01） g were randomly distributed into 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 30 shrimp per replicate, and the shrimp in each group were randomly fed one of five experimental diets. The results showed as follows： plant essential oil supplementation could significantly increase the weight gain rate （ WGR） , specific growth rate （ SGR） and protein efficiency ratio （PER） when dietary fish meal content decreased （P〈0.05）, but did not significantly affect the survival ratio （ SR） and hepatopancreas somatic index （ HSI） （ P〉0.05） . Compared with the control group, the feed efficiency （ FE ） in the 2 groups with plant essential oil supplementation had no significant difference （ P〉0.05） , and that in the 2 groups without plant essential oil supplementation was significantly de-creased （ P〈0.05） . Moreover, the WGR, SGR and PER in the 2 groups with plant essential oil supplementa-tion were significantly lower than those in the control group （ P〈0.05） . No significant differences were found in the whole body and muscle nutritional components, and serum biochemical indiexes of Litopenaeus van-namei among all groups （ P〉0.05） . Ultrastructure of midgut by transmission electron microscope observed that shrimp fed the diets supplemented with plant essential oil could improve the exfoliated status of intestinal villus compared with that shrimp fed the diets supplemented without plant essential oil. It is concluded that supple-mentation of 0.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 植物精油 生长性能 饲料利用 肠道健康 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]