北方典型内陆盆地高砷地下水的水化学特征及处理技术  

Chemical Characteristics and Remediation of High Arsenic Groundwater in Typical Inland Basins of North China

作　　者：赵凯[1,2] 郭华明[1,3] 高存荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081 [3]中国地质大学(北京)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《现代地质》2015年第2期351-360,共10页Geoscience

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41222020;41172224);中国地质调查局项目(1212010813104)

摘　　要：我国高砷地下水分布广泛,是受砷污染最严重的地区之一,严重危害居民身体健康,开发经济、高效、环境友好的高砷地下水修复治理技术极具必要性。以大同盆地、呼包平原、河套平原和银川平原为代表性研究区域,归纳总结了北方干旱、半干旱地区典型高砷地下水区水化学特征。通常情况下,高砷地下水的p H值较高,共存阴离子(HCO-3、SO2-4和Cl-)浓度较大,溶解性有机碳含量较高,并且As(Ⅲ)为主要砷形态。开展了针对北方典型高砷地下水特定水化学环境特点(如p H值、共存阴阳离子以及溶解性有机物等)的改性天然菱铁矿除砷性能研究。结果表明,改性天然菱铁矿对溶液p H值具有良好的缓冲能力,其除砷性能基本不受p H值、共存阴离子、Ca/Mg阳离子及以腐殖酸为代表的溶解性有机物等典型高砷地下水水化学特征因素的影响,表明吸附剂对砷具有良好的吸附选择性。另外,改性天然菱铁矿对As(Ⅲ)的去除效果优于对As(V)的去除效果,因此,利用改性天然菱铁矿作为反应介质材料,将其应用于处理主要以As(Ⅲ)形式存在的高砷地下水具备良好的发展前景。High As concentrations have widely been found in potable groundwater in China, which can cause acute and chronic health effects on humans. It is nessesary to develop economic, efficient and eco-friendly tech- nologies for As removal from As-contaminated groundwater. Chemical characteristics of high As groundwater in arid-semiarid inland basins in Northern China （including the Datong basin, the Hubao basin, the Hetao basin and the Yinchuan basin） were thoroughly reviewed and summarized. High As groundwater was typically charac- terized by high pH, high concentration of coexisting anions （ such as HCO3- , S042- , and C1 - ） , and high con- centrations of dissolved organic carbon. Furthermore, effects of solution pH, co-existing anions and cations, dissolved organic matter on As adsorption onto activated natural siderite were investigated according to the chem- ical characteristics of the typical high As groundwater. Results showed that the activated natural siderite had high capacity for buffering solution pH. Arsenic removal was independent on solution pH, coexisting anions,Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ , and humic acid. It indicated that activated natural siderite had good adsorption selectivity for As under any conditions. In addition, the removal efficiency of activated natural siderite for As （ Ⅲ ） was slightly higher than that for As （V）. Therefore, the activated natural siderite, as an economic, efficient and eco-friendly reaction material, appears to be a promising adsorbent for remediation of As （ Ⅲ）-dominated high arsenic groundwater.

关 键 词：高砷地下水 水化学特征 除砷 改性天然菱铁矿 吸附 

分 类 号：P641.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] X523[天文地球—地质学]