盆地形成与演化的动力学类型及其地球动力学机制  

Dynamic types of basin formation and evolution and its geodynamic mechanisms

作　　者：琚宜文[1] 孙盈[1] 王国昌[1] 谭锋奇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院计算地球动力学重点实验室中国科学院大学地球科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《地质科学》2015年第2期503-523,共21页Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:41030422);国家科技重大专项(编号:2011ZX05060-005);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(编号:XDA05030100)资助

摘　　要：借鉴国内外已有的盆地研究成果,在盆地分析的基础上,从岩石圈板块作用、岩石圈深部作用和岩石圈表生作用3个方面,兼顾系统性、科学性和应用性,确立了盆地新的分类原则,由此深入研究了盆地形成与演化的动力学类型,并进一步阐述了盆地形成与演化的地球动力学机制。研究结果表明:在盆地分类中,首先主要根据盆地形成的地球动力学环境如岩石圈板块作用环境、深部作用环境以及表生作用环境来划分大类;再根据盆地形成与演化的各种地质作用及其动力学过程如构造作用(伸展、挤压或剪切过程)、热力作用及重力作用进行主要类型划分;再根据盆地的基底性质和地壳类型(如陆壳、洋壳或过渡壳)以及盆地的沉积充填史和构造古地理等(如海相盆地、陆相盆地或过渡相盆地)细分亚类。盆地形成与演化的动力学类型主要包括:单一构造或热体制下盆地演化时的原型盆地类型、单一重力体制下盆地演化的原型盆地类型、多种构造-热体制下盆地演化的叠合盆地类型以及多种构造-热体制下盆地演化的残留盆地类型。在单一构造或热体制下,从板块作用或壳幔作用角度原型盆地动力学类型主要划分为:伸展盆地(陆内伸展盆地、陆间伸展盆地、大洋伸展盆地和弧后伸展盆地),挠曲盆地(弧后挠曲盆地、周缘挠曲盆地、陆内挠曲盆地),走滑盆地(走滑伸展盆地、走滑挠曲盆地)以及克拉通盆地(克拉通退缩盆地、克拉通扩展盆地和克拉通迁移盆地);单一重力体制下原型盆地动力学类型有负载盆地和撞击盆地;多种构造-热体制下的叠合盆地动力学类型有叠加盆地和复合盆地;多种构造-热体制下盆地演化的残留盆地动力学类型有伸展隆起下局部沉降引起的残留盆地、推覆褶皱隆起引起的残留盆地、俯冲至局部碰撞引起的残留盆地及周边抬升隆起引起的残留盆地�On the basis of the existing researches of basin worldwide and basin analysis, this paper establishs the new principle of basin classification, discusses the dynamics types of basin evolution, and further expounds the geodynamics mechanism of basin evolution and expansion from three aspects of the lithosphere plate, deep lithosphere and lithosphere supergene action. The new classification principle is ensured to be systematic, scientific, and practical. According to our research, the basin classification should first consider the geodynamic environment of basin formation and evolution, including the lithosphere plate and deep effect environment and lithosphere supergene action; and then take all kinds of geologic function and the dynamic process of basin formation and evolution, such as tectonic setting （extending, compressing and shear process）, thermal effect and gravity division into account for main classification; finally, the different nature of the basin basement and crustal types, as continental crust, oceanic crust or transitional region basin, as well as the history of basin sedimentary filling and tectonic palaeogeography, evolution of the small class segment such as marine sedimentary basin, continental basin, and transitional facies basin should be considered for the further sub-classification. In the process of basin formation and evolution, the basic dynamic type of basin includes： The prototype basin evolution under a single tectonic or thermal system, the prototype basin evolution under a single gravitation system, the superimposed basin evolution under multiple thermal tectonic systems and the residual basin evolution under multiple tectonic thermal systems. In a single tectonic or thermal system, from lithosphere plate and mantle and crust action, prototype basin dynamic types have extension basin（intracontinental extension basin, continental extension basin, oceanic extension basin and back-arc extension basin） , the flexural basin （back-arc flexural basin, peripheral torsion flexu

关 键 词：盆地 演化 动力学类型 地球动力学 机制 

分 类 号：P541[天文地球—构造地质学] P542[天文地球—地质学]