2013年新疆乌苏市古尔图地区长尾黄鼠及寄生蚤鼠疫检测结果分析  

Analysis of Yersinia pestis detection result of Citellus undulates and parasitic fleas in Gurt, Usu in Xinjiang, 2013

作　　者：王信惠[1] 阿不力克木·阿布都热西提 孙石[1] 阿不力米提·买托呼提[1] 李冰[1] 阿扎提·热合木[1] 热娜·吐尔地[1] 徐秉臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆疾病预防控制中心鼠疫防治科,乌鲁木齐,830002

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2015年第4期278-281,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：十一五国家科技支撑计划项目（2007BA107A14）;新疆高新技术研究发展计划项目（200611112）

摘　　要：目的 观察新疆乌苏市古尔图鼠疫疫源地长尾黄鼠鼠疫分布及其免疫学、细菌学动态.方法 2013年6-8月,在新疆乌苏市古尔图地区,采用弓形夹捕获长尾黄鼠,心脏采血、分离血清,间接血凝试验（IHA）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测长尾黄鼠血清鼠疫F1抗体,并比较两种方法的准确性;收集鼠体表寄生蚤,进行蚤分类;取捕获鼠及自毙鼠的肝脏、脾脏以及分离蚤,鼠疫四步检验法（镜检、鼠疫菌培养、鼠疫噬菌体试验和动物试验）分离鼠疫菌.结果 共捕获长尾黄鼠436只,收集体表寄生蚤2 801只.ELISA和IHA检测鼠疫F1抗体的阳性率分别为19.0％（83/436）、4.4％（19/436）,几何平均滴度分别为1∶26.92、1∶2317,ELISA的血清抗体阳性率和滴度均高于IHA,二者比较差异有统计学意义（x2=45.44,t=1.96,P＜0.01或＜0.05）;其中6、7、8月,ELISA检测的抗体阳性率分别为20.2％（38/188）、25.9％（33/127）、9.9％（12/121）,各月份间比较差异有统计学意义（x2=10.67,P＜ 0.01）.共分离鼠疫菌32株,6、7、8月份分离的菌株数分别占81.3％（26/32）、12.5％（4/32）、6.3％（2/32）,各月份间比较差异有统计学意义（x2=20.60,P＜0.01）;寄生蚤、自毙鼠、捕获鼠分离的菌株数分别占56.3％（18/32）、25.0％（8/32）、18.8％（6/32）,分离率比较差异有统计学意义（x2=18.46,P＜0.01）.结论 ELISA检测血清鼠疫F1抗体优于IHA,两种检测方法同时使用可提高检验的准确性.细菌学检验,6月份鼠疫菌的检菌率高于7、8月份,自毙鼠检菌率高于捕获鼠和寄生蚤.在鼠疫监测工作中,应重视寄生蚤检菌,注意搜寻自毙鼠.Objective To observe immunological and bacteriological dynamic and distribution of Yersinia pestis in Citellus undulates in Gurt plague natural focus in Usu,Xinjiang in 2013.Methods In the focus,Citellus undulates was captured with cram frame and blood from heart was collected and serum was isolated from June to August 2013.Indirect hemagglutination test （IHA） and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） were taken to detect F1 antibody against Yersinia pestis of Citellus undulates,and the accuracy of two methods was conducted.Parasitic fleas were collected and classified.Yersinia pestis was isolated with four-step method （microscopic examination,cultivation for Yersinia pestis,bacteriovirus test and animal experiment） from liver,spleen of mice and parasitic fleas.Results Totally 436 Citellus undulates were captured and 2 801 parasitic fleas were collected.Positive rate of F1 antibody was 19.0% （83/436） and 4.4% （19/436） by ELISA and IHA,geometric mean titer （GMT） was 1 ∶ 26.92 and 1 ∶ 2317,respectively.The positive rate and GMT of ELISA was higher than IHA （x2 =45.44,t =1.96,P 〈 0.01 or 〈 0.05）.The positive rate of F1 antibody was 20.2% （38/188）,25.9% （33/127） and 9.9% （12/121） from June,July to August,respectively,and the difference between months was statistically significant （x2 =10.67,P 〈 0.01）.Totally 32 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated.From June to August,the isolated strains were accounted for 81.3% （26/32）,12.5% （4/32） and 6.3% （2/32）,respectively,the difference between months was statistically significant （x2 =20.60,P 〈 0.01）.The ratio of strains isolated from 3 kinds of samples was 56.3% （18/32） of the fleas,25.0% （8/32） of self-dead rodents and 18.8% （6/32） of the captured rodents,the difference between samples was statistically significant （x2 =18.46,P 〈 0.01）.Conclusions ELISA is better than IHA for detecting sera F1 antibody,and testing accuracy can be improved by combination of the two methods.Strain

关 键 词：长尾黄鼠 寄生蚤 耶尔森菌 鼠疫 抗体 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学] S858.9[医药卫生—临床医学]