基于遥感与地理信息的海南地区疟疾疫情相关性研究  

Correlation of malaria epidemic situation in Hainan province by remote sensing and geographic information

作　　者：曾晓露 叶诗洋 徐聪[1] 潘柯利 龚建华[2] 周洁萍[2] 蒋秀高[3] 熊鸿燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学军事预防医学院军队流行病学教研室,重庆400038 [2]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所,北京100101 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2015年第8期821-826,共6页Journal of Third Military Medical University

基　　金：国家卫计委行业科研专项(2010002012)~~

摘　　要：目的分析海南地区不同地理环境的疟疾疫情分布特征,探索相关重要自然影响因素。方法从美国国家航空航天局LAADS存储网站和航天测绘数据集SRTM获取我国海南地区遥感数据产品,利用Arc GIS软件提取土地覆盖类型和海拔高度数据,结合海南省疟疾疫情资料制作专题地图,分析、掌握该地区土地覆盖类型和海拔高度特征,比较不同地理环境下的发病率差异。结果 2004-2012年海南省疟疾报告疫情呈逐年下降趋势,有明显的季节流行特征。针对2004-2008年开展地理空间分布特征分析,疟疾发病呈现明显的中南部高发、北部低发的地区分布规律。中南部地区具有林地覆盖为主的地理景观特点,北部地区具有草原和作物覆盖为主的地理景观特点。多因素分析结果显示,常绿阔叶林地带(平均海拔743 m)是疟疾发病的危险因素,而针叶林地带(平均海拔63 m)、作物地带(平均海拔263 m)是保护因素。结论海南地区疟疾的发生在土地覆盖和利用类型方面具有明显的空间分布特征,其作用规律可作为预测自然因素作用下疟疾疫情的重要依据。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of malaria in different geographic environments in Hainan province,and explore potentially important environmental determinants of malaria.Methods Remote sensing data products of Hainan province were collected from NASA LAADS web and SRTM data,and land cover types as well as altitudes were extracted from the products by Arc GIS 10. 0software. The thematic maps of spatial distribution were produced by combining malaria data to detect the features of land cover types and altitudes,and then to compare the incidence variation of malaria in different environments. Results The malaria incidence in Hainan province was considerably decreased from 2004 to2012,and exhibited obvious seasonal variation. The malaria data from 2004 to 2008 were selected to conduct the spatial distribution analysis. The results showed that the incidence of malaria in the south central part of Hainan province was higher than that in the north. The majority of geographical characteristics were forest land in the south central part of Hainan province, and were grass land in the north. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that evergreen broadleaf forest land（ mean elevation of 743 meters） was risk factor of malaria epidemics. On the contrary,needle-leaf forest land（ mean elevation of 63 meters） and cropland（ mean elevation of 263 meters） were protective factors. Conclusion The malaria incidence exhibited significant spatial distribution characteristics in land cover types and land use types,which could be further used to predict malaria epidemics.

关 键 词：地理信息系统 遥感 疟疾 空间分布 

分 类 号：R181.34[医药卫生—流行病学] R531.3[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]