合溪水库区域血吸虫病的监测和控制  

Monitoring and early-warning research on oncomelania in Hexi reservoir

作　　者：许凤鸣[1] 章柳红[1] 秦家胜[1] 陆红妹[1] 曹为民[1] 陆勤南 蒋亚娟[1] 谢广平 

机构地区：[1]浙江省长兴县疾病预防控制中心地方病防治科,313100 [2]浙江省长兴县合溪水库管理局,313100

出　　处：《国际流行病学传染病学杂志》2015年第2期95-98,共4页International Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease

基　　金：浙江省医药卫生科技项目（2013KYB259）

摘　　要：目的掌握合溪水库区域螺情和病情现状，为调整血吸虫病监测方案，建立预警机制提供依据。方法2009—2014年，选择合溪水库库区、上游集雨区及下游影响区为监测范围，采用常规法进行钉螺监测和人畜病情监测；2014年5—7月和9月，选择合溪水库主要水系南溪和北溪的源头、中段、入库前1km、入库口、库岸以及出库河道等6段设15个监测点，采用稻草帘进行水体钉螺监测，同时打捞南、北溪入库口和库区漂浮物进行水体钉螺监测。结果水库建设前（2009年），在水库上游集雨区、库区及下游均查到钉螺，有螺面积分别占81．62％、15．28％、3．10％。水库运行期（2011—2014年），在水库库区及水库下游开展螺情监测，结果均未查到钉螺，有螺面积全部分布在上游集雨区域，2014年钉螺面积7．69hm^2，较2009年（10．34hm。）下降了25．63％；上游活螺密度2014年为0．08只／0．1m^2，较2009下降了87．10％。病情监测结果未发现血吸虫病和病畜。15个监测点均未发现钉螺。结论合溪水库运行后，库尾、消落带及水库下游钉螺已得到有效控制，水库上游集雨区尚有较大面积钉螺，需建立新的螺情监测、控制和预警机制。Objective To understand the distribution of oncomelania and the current situation of schisto- somiasis of Hexi reservoir, in order to adjust schistosomiasis monitoring programs in this region timely, and provide the basis for establishment of early warning system. Methods The conventional methods were used to monitor human and animal schistosomiasis disease in the upstream area, the reservoirs and the downstream area from 2009 to 2014. Fifteen sites from 6 areas such as the source, the middle, 1 km from the storage port, storage port of the south stream and the north stream and so on were selected to monitor the number of oncomelania. The floating debris was fished from the storage port of the south stream and the north stream as well as the reservoir area from May to July, and September 2014. Results The areas with snails accounted respectively for 81.62%, 15.28%, and 3.10% in the upstream area, the project area （the bottom, the tail, the fluctuating zone and the dam area） and the downstream area before the Hexi reservoir was built （2009）. There was no oncomelania found in the reservoir area （the taft, the fluctuating zone and the dam area） and the downstream area in the reservoir operation period during 2011-2014. The areas of snail were all distributed in the upstream catchment area. The area of oncomelania was 7.69 hm^2 in 2014 which decreased 25.63%, compared with 10.34 hm^2 in 2009. The density of living snails de creased 87.10% in the upstream area from 2009 to 0.8/0.1 m^2 in 2014. There were no patient suffered from schistosomiasis and sick animal found in this monitor. There were no infected oncomelanias found in 15 monitoring sites. Conclusions The effect of schistosomiasis control projects in Hexi reservoir was remarkable for prevention of oncomelania in the tail and the downstream of the reservoir. The establishment of a new snail monitor, control and early warning mechanisms is very urgent because of the large area of oncomelania in the upstream catchment area.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 水库工程 钉螺 监测 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]