近40年来西昆仑山冰川及冰湖变化与气候因素  

Variation of Western Kunlun Mountain Glaciers Monitored by Remote Sensing during 1976—2010

作　　者：李成秀[1] 杨太保[1] 田洪阵[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院冰川与生态地理研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《山地学报》2015年第2期157-165,共9页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(412710247)资助~~

摘　　要：利用Landsat TM/ETM＋影像,结合冰川编目数据,应用比值阈值法和人工目视解译法得到近40年来西昆仑山冰川和冰湖面积变化数据,结合气象数据分析冰川和冰湖变化特征及其气候背景。结果表明：1.1976—2010年,西昆仑山冰川呈现微弱的退缩,面积减少率为4.1%,冰湖面积增加率17.8%。冰川面积与冰湖面积变化呈现反相关,冰川融水补给的增加是冰湖面积扩大的主要原因。2.气温的缓慢上升是西昆仑冰川退缩的原因之一,个别气象站点显示近20 a夏季均温缓慢下降,这与近10年来研究区冰川退缩幅度较小相吻合。考虑到青藏高原多数冰川对气候变化响应的滞后时间在10~20 a,由于夏季均温的下降,我们推测在接下来几年内西昆仑山冰川可能不会出现大幅度的退缩。3.昆仑峰区可能存在的跃动冰川以及喀拉塔格山冰川的稳定,表明冰川对气候变化复杂的响应机制。气象站点数据不能完全解释冰川的变化特征,还需要进一步结合冰川区实测气象数据加以讨论。另外,西昆仑山冰川变化还受到冰川规模、地形等因素综合影响。The water released from Kunlun Mountain glaciers is the major source of stream flow to the Tarim Basin and nearly 6. 3 milion people live in the oasis of Tarim Basin rely on the glacier runoff. Reliable information about current and future glaciation and runoff is crucial for the best use of melt water. Using Landsat images of Western Kunlun Mountain in 1990,2000 and 2010,together with the China glacier inventory in 1976. We present an analysis of meteorological data and glacial area change for these three periods. Results show that 1） from 1976 to 2010,glaciers reduced by 4. 1% and glacial lakes expanded by 17. 8%. The change of glaciers area were inversely correlated with glacier lake area. For the glacier runoff was the main contributor for the lake. 2） Increase in temperature over the study period is the key factors causing retreat. Some stations shows lower increasing trend in summer temperature from 1990—2010,which is consistent with the lower glacier retreat ratio. The time of Glacier change response to increasing temperature lag nearly 10- 20 years. So we speculate that Western Kunlun Mountain glaciers suffer slight retreat or keep stable in the future. 3） Surge glaciers may occur in the eastern part of study area,and some glaciers remain stable in the middle of study area. It shows that many factors were influenced glacier change in Western Kunlun Mountain,including topographic factors,microclimate,glacier size and so on.

关 键 词：冰川变化 遥感监测 西昆仑山 跃动冰川 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]