对应对城市洪涝问题的一些认识  

Some realizations of dealing with the urban flood disaster problems

作　　者：解建仓[1] 李波[1] 柴立[1] 姜仁贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学陕西省西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《西安理工大学学报》2015年第1期25-33,共9页Journal of Xi'an University of Technology

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20126118110011);西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室研究基金资助项目(2013ZZKT-6)

摘　　要：城市化和气候变化让城市洪涝成为常态,频发、广发、急转、重灾的特征显现,应对城市洪涝更加成为广泛重视的研究主题。以往研究成果大多集中在对洪涝发生发展的机理认识和城市建设中的防御体系加强与改造方面,交叉应用现代信息技术的研究成果也不少,但城市洪涝作为自然灾害的一种,目前的应对成效还有很大差距。在相当长的一个时期内,就现存的应对条件,特别是当前急需要见效,研究者把重点放在机理研究和城市基础改造就不妥当,要把城市洪涝按突发事件对待,强化应急应对才是上策。本文遵循分治与综合思想,建议整合信息、计算、经验资源,探索与事件特征和过程相适应的情景组合、事件主题、模型方法组件、应对预案、模拟调控等的集成应用,提出了快速适应、不断积累、知识智慧服务的城市洪灾应对新模式。Urbanization and climate change make the urban flood disaster（UFD）into normal state with characteristics of higher frequency,more influenced area,sudden turn and higher disaster.Accordingly,coping with the urban flood disasters has become the research objective with extensive attention.In the past,most of the research results focus on the mechanism of the UFD occurrence and development,and enhance and reformation of the defense system in the urban construction,and less focus on the cross-application of modern information resources.As one of the natural disasters,the efficiency of the response to the UFD still has a big disparity.In quite a long time,as far as the existing response conditions are concerned,especially it should gain the immediate results nowadays.For this reason,it is inappropriate to put our emphasis on the mechanism research and urban foundation upgrading,instead,the best plan should treat UFD as emergency event so that the control and response of UFD should be strengthened.Following the divide-and-conquer and meta-synthesis theories,this paper suggests that the study explores the integrated application of the combined scenario,event theme,model and method component,response preplan,simulation and adjustment,which adapt to the characteristics and processes of the events,integrating resources of information,computing and experience.Accordingly,the new flood disaster control methods consisted of quick adaptation,continuous accumulation and knowledge wisdom service have been proposed.

关 键 词：城市洪涝 突发事件 应急应对 模拟调控 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]