基于碳足迹理论的大型水电枢纽工程环境排放分析  

Analysis on environmental discharge of large-scale hydropower project using carbon footprint theory

作　　者：张社荣[1] 庞博慧[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300072 [2]华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司,昆明650214

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2015年第4期170-176,共7页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家创新研究群体科学基金(51021004);水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室开放基金

摘　　要：为了定量论证大型水电的碳减排作用,基于碳足迹理论采用混合生命周期评价方法研究大型水电枢纽工程生命周期的温室气体排放。研究基于某大型混凝土重力坝枢纽布置方案,生命周期考虑材料设备生产阶段、运输阶段、施工阶段和运行维护阶段。结果表明:该工程生命周期内总的温室气体排放量为1145.49×104t CO2e,年平均排放25.46×104t CO2e,碳排放因子为14.09 g CO2e/k Wh,仅为火电碳排放水平的1.71%。运行维护阶段的碳足迹占生命周期碳足迹的比例最大,为50%,材料设备生产阶段、施工阶段和运输阶段分别占45%、3%和2%。建议尽量减少水泥和钢材的用量,改善混凝土浇筑和开挖的施工工艺,严格清理库区以使得水电环境排放降到尽可能低。通过定量分析大型水电全生命周期直接和间接的温室气体排放,可知大型水电是清洁能源。A hybrid life cycle assessment method based on the carbon footprint theory is described in this paper to analyze the greenhouse gas emissions of large hydropower projects throughout their whole life cycle, focusing on demonstration of their effects on carbon emission reduction. This method, in application to the overall layout scheme of concrete gravity structures for a huge hydropower project, considers four stages of its life cycle： material and equipment production, transportation, construction, and operation and maintenance. The results show a total carbon emission of 1145.49×10^4t COEe, average annual emissions of 25.46×10^4t CO2e, and carbon emission factor of 14.09g COEe/kWh, which are on a level of only 1.71 percent of the corresponding coal power plant＇s emission. From high to low percentage of contribution to the total CO2 emission at the four stages, operation and maintenance stage of 50% comes first, then production stage of 45% and construction stage of 3%, and last transportation stage of 2%. Thus, to lower the emission, the use of cement and steel should be reduced, the construction technology of filling and excavation be improved, and the reservoir be cleaned up. This study provides more evidences that large-scale hydropower projects are clean energy resources.

关 键 词：环境学 碳足迹 混合生命周期评价方法 混凝土重力坝 温室气体 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]