水电项目产出要素正外部性分析  

Analysis on positive externalities of hydropower projects

作　　者：郑腾飞[1] 强茂山[1] 陈文超[1] 王佳宁 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,项目管理与建设技术研究所,北京100084 [2]中国长江三峡集团中水电国际投资有限公司,北京100033

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2015年第4期184-190,共7页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51179086,51479100,51379104);水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室科研课题资(2015-ky-5,2013-ky-5)

摘　　要：我国水电在经历技术制约、资金制约、市场制约等发展阶段后,现已进入移民制约、生态制约和地方利益制约阶段。需从项目全生命期的全要素视角理解、评价水电项目中各利益相关方的投入产出,构建项目全生命期各利益相关方的利益共享模型。本文是水电项目利益共享模型中"项目产出分析"部分,主要对产出要素中的正外部性进行评估。文章首先通过文献提名法,识别水电项目各产出要素,据其属性归并为经济产出、社会产出和环境产出3类共10个要素;在此基础上依据外部性理论,分析各产出要素的正外部性,包括电网效益、防灾效益、航运效益、温室气体减排效益等,构建产出要素的外部性分析框架;此后应用该分析框架对三峡工程具体案例进行分析。结果表明,水电项目产出要素中包含巨大的正外部性,需在项目投入产出分析中充分考虑,使利益共享模式和理事机制更为合理。研究结果为构建水电项目利益共享模型提供了理论依据,并对水电资源的和谐开发实践和政策制定有指导意义。Problems of migration, ecology and benefits sharing become the most important constraints at the existing stage of China＇s hydropower development after restrictions of technology, funds and market. It is necessary to build a benefit sharing system to consider reasonably all stakeholders＇ benefits during the life cycle of projects. This paper focuses on the output factors of hydropower projects in a benefit sharing system and the evaluation on the factors＇ positive externalities. Name generator is used to identify the system＇s output factors, which are divided into economic factors, social factors, ecological factors, etc. We analyzed the positive externalities of the factors by the externality theory, and obtained an externality analysis framework including grim benefit, disaster prevention benefit, navigation benefit, and greenhouse gas reduction. This framework has been applied to analysis of the Three Gorges project, and its results show that positive externalities exist in hydropower projects and should be fully considered in evaluation of the projects to achieve a reasonable benefit sharing system and a more effective transaction mechanism. The result lays a basis of benefit sharing system and is useful to harmonious development of hydropower resources in guiding practice and policy-making.

关 键 词：水电开发 产出要素 外部性 三峡工程 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]