玉米单倍体诱导及化学加倍方法的研究  

Studies on maize haploid inducing and chemical doubling monoploids

作　　者：慈佳宾[1] 杨巍[1] 任雪娇[1] 崔学宇 张野[1] 张艳辉[1] 杨伟光[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2015年第3期49-53,共5页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：科技部农业科技成果转化基金(2011G132B100006);农业部948项目(2011-G1-21)

摘　　要：【目的】玉米单倍体的诱导及加倍．【方法】以北方春玉米区高抗丝黑穗病自交系K88和高感丝黑穗病自交系Gll5的杂交F，代作为母本，以5个诱导系（JS6-11～JS6-15）作为父本，进行单倍体杂交诱导试验；以秋水仙素作为玉米单倍体人工染色体加倍药剂，采取4种（浸根法、浸芽法、滴心叶法、针刺生长点法）处理方法，每种方法设置3个浓度梯度（0．2、0．4和0．6mg·mL^-1），并分别以体积分数2％DMSO＋5％甘油溶液作为辅助药剂，进行单倍体加倍试验．【结果和结论】花丝长短和授粉时间对单倍体诱导率有重要影响．延迟授粉（长花丝≥7cm）的平均单倍体诱导率为17．0％，约为正常授粉（短花丝≤4cm）条件下的3．3倍；伏后授粉的诱导率平均为18．4％，约为伏期授粉的3．4倍，证明延迟授粉时间和较低的温度有利于提高单倍体诱导率．秋水仙素加倍试验表明，浸根法对植株伤害较严重，存活率低于50％；针刺生长点法（0．6mg·mL^-1）和滴心叶法（0．4mg·mL^-1）的散粉率较高（45．9％，28．9％），相应的结实率也较高（15．2％，11．1％），说明针刺生长点法处理效果最好，滴心叶法次之．【Objective】To induce maize haploid and double monoploids. 【Method】The F1 generation hybrids of high resistance head smut inbred line K88 and high sense of head smut inbred line G115 of North corn regional were chose as female parents,which hybridized with male parents of 5 haploid inducers( JS6-11- JS6-15) conduct maize haploid inducing test. Colchicine was used as maize haploid artificial chromosome doubling agent. Four approaches( dipping root method and dipping bud method,dipping heart leaf method and acupuncturing growing point method) were taken to conduct maize haploid doubling test and each set 3 concentration gradients( 0. 2,0. 4,0. 6 mg·m L- 1),using DMSO at volume fraction of 2% + glycerol solution 5% as auxiliary reagents. 【Result and conclusion】Filament lengths and the time of pollination had significant effects on the haploid induction. The haploid induced rate of longer silk( ≥7 cm) pollination was 17. 0% on average,almost 3. 3 times higher than that of shorter silk( ≤4 cm)pollination. Haploid induced rate of pollination was 18. 4% on average after midsummer,almost 3. 4times higher than that in midsummer pollination. The results showed that late pollination and low temperature increased haploid inducing frequency. Maize haploid doubling tests showed that the plant survival rates of dipping root were lower than 50%. Acupuncturing growing point method at concentration of 0. 6mg · m L- 1and dipping heart leaf method at concentration of 0. 4 mg · m L- 1with the fertility rate of plants 45. 9% and 28. 9%,respectively,with maturing rate of two methods,15. 2% and 11. 1%,re-spectively. Acupuncturing growing point and dipping heart leaf methods are better options for chromosome doubling.

关 键 词：玉米 单倍体 诱导率 单倍体加倍 

分 类 号：S513.032[农业科学—作物学]