剩余污泥低温热水解中试  

Pilot study of the thermal hydrolysis of excess waste sludge at low temperatures

作　　者：吴静[1] 姜艳[1,2] 曹知平[1] 王广启[1] 左剑恶[1] 王凯军[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100084 [2]爱尔兰国立高威大学工程与信息学院,土木工程系,爱尔兰高威

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第1期93-97,121,共6页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家“八六三”高技术项目(2009AA064702);国家自然科学基金资助项目(91334112,51061130555)

摘　　要：中国污泥有机物质量比低,厌氧消化速率慢、产气少,60℃左右的热水解是改善措施之一。该文在热水解罐中进行了剩余污泥低温热水解的中试研究,采用热泵供热。对水力停留时间（HRT）、温度（T）、污泥含固率和有机物质量比（CVSS/CSS）等对剩余污泥低温热水解的影响以及重要性进行了分析。试验结果表明：低温热水解的最佳工艺条件为：HRT为1d,温度54~60℃,污泥含固率3%。加碱可以促进水解,当污泥含固率5%时,调节pH到10可使VSS去除率和有机物溶出率分别增加46.8%和100%。正交试验结果表明：温度、污泥含固率和有机物质量比都是热水解的关键影响因素,各因素对VSS去除率和有机物溶出率影响的重要性顺序一致,由大到小的顺序为：污泥含固率、温度、有机物质量比。在最佳工况下,剩余污泥低温热水解后进行中温（35℃）厌氧消化,消化时间10d的情况下,沼气产量比未低温热水解时增加44%。With low organic matter content, sludge in China has low reaction rates and low biogas production rates. Thermal hydrolysis at about 60 ℃ will enhance the digestion. Thermal hydrolysis of excess sludge at low temperatures was conducted in thermal tanks with a heat pump as a heat source. The effects of hydraulic retention time （HRT）, temperature （T）, solid content and organic matter ratio （Cvss/Css） of the sludge on thermal hydrolysis were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal operating conditions for thermal hydrolysis was HRT = 1 d, T = 54 - 60 ℃, and a solid content ： 3%. Adding alkalis enhanced the hydrolysis, with a solid content of 5%, NaOH was added to increase the pH to l0 to increase the VSS removal rate by 46.8% and the solution rate of organic substances by 100%. Orthogonal experiments indicated that the temperature, solid content and Cvss/Css were all crucial to the VSS removal rate and the solution rate of the organic matter. The solid content had the largest effect followed by the temperature and Cvss/Css. The biogas production rate of the sludge hydrolyzed with optimal conditions during 10 days anaerobic digestion at 35 ℃ was 44% higher than that of sludge without hydrolysis.

关 键 词：剩余污泥 热水解 中温厌氧消化 正交试验 含固率 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]