河流健康评价:内涵、指标、方法与尺度问题探讨  

River Health Assessment:Intension,Indexes,Methods and Scales

作　　者：冯文娟[1,2,3] 李海英[2] 徐力刚[1] 潘继征[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院国家水电可持续发展研究中心,北京100038 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2015年第3期34-39,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371121);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2012CB417005);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2012BAC06B01);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-007-01);中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项(电集1331)

摘　　要：基于国内外最新研究进展,从河流健康的概念、评价方法、指标体系和尺度等方面综述了河流健康问题。大部分学者倾向于从河流的自然属性和社会属性来定义河流健康;河流健康评价方法包括模糊综合评价法、综合健康指数法和综合指标体系法,其中综合指标体系法是目前国内主要采用的评价方法;河流健康评价指标体系包括水文特征、水质参数、生物指标、河岸带指标、河流形态和社会服务状况6个方面,国内外指标体系存在着差异;探讨了河流健康评价尺度效应研究和尺度转换方法。最后阐述了河流健康评价中存在的概念、指标、尺度转换和评价结果运用等方面的问题。Concepts,assessment methods,index systems and measurement scales of river health were summarized according to the latest researches at home and abroad.Most scholars tended to the concept of river health on the basis of the river＇s natural and social attributes.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,comprehensive health index method and comprehensive index system method were the main methods of river health assessment,and comprehensive index system method was used commonly in China.The assessment index systems included six aspects,such as hydrological characteristics,water quality parameters,biological indexes,indexes of riparian zone,river morphology and social services,and it was different between index systems an home and abroad.The scale effects and scale transformation method were discussed.Furthermore,some concerned issues were provided such as the concept,index,scale conversion and application of the evaluation results in the river management.

关 键 词：河流 健康评价 指标 方法 尺度 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]