西北太平洋强温带气旋活动的气候特征分析  

Climatological Characteristics of Severe Extratropical Cyclones over Northwest Pacific

作　　者：杨亚新[1] 

机构地区：[1]南通航运职业技术学院航海系,江苏南通226010

出　　处：《中国航海》2015年第1期108-112,共5页Navigation of China

摘　　要：为给航行船舶有效防避强温带气旋提供参考,利用日本发布的2006—2013年亚洲地面分析图,对西北太平洋近中心最大风力达10级或以上的强温带气旋活动的气候特征进行分析。经过分析,得到的结论主要有:西北太平洋强温带气旋平均每年产生63个,冬季产生频数最高,占总数的50%;产生和发展的高频海域位于35°N^50°N,140°E^175°E,中国东部沿岸及近海海域极少有气旋迅速发展;移速一般在10~35 kn,春季移动最快,秋冬季次之,夏季最慢,移向以E^NE为主,其次为NNE^N;近中心最低气压一般在950~990 h Pa,平均为974 h Pa;近中心最大风速在50~75 kn,10级大风发生频率为70%,11级及以上大风发生频率为30%;10级以上大风持续时间一般为6~72 h,其中24~48 h发生频率最高;西北太平洋强温带气旋中,55%左右为爆发性气旋,主要发生在9月至次年5月,冬季发生频数最高,占总数的60%以上。The climatological characteristics of the severe extratropical cyclones over the Northwest Pacific with wind of 10 or above on Beaufort scale is studied based on the surface analysis charts from 2006 to 2013 issued by Japan. There were 63 severe extratropieal cyclones every year on average over the Northwest Pacific. The occurrence frequency was the highest in winter, accounted for 50% of the total. The sea areas which the severe extratropical cyclones passed most frequently cov- ered 35°N -50°N,140°E - 175°E and few severe extratropical cyclones occurred over east coastal and offshore waters of China. The moving speed of the severe extratropical cyclones was between 10 and 35 generally. They moved faster in spring than in autumn and winter, and moved most slowly in summer. They moved to E or NE mostly and the N or NNE direction came second. They moved rarely to other directions. The pressure near the center of the cyclone was between 950 hPa and 990 hPa generally and the average pressure was 974 hPa. The maximum speed near center of the cyclone was between 50 kn and 75 kn. The frequency of occurrence of the cyclones with wind of 10 Beauford scale was about 70% and the fre- quency of occurrence of the cyclones with wind grade 11 or above was about 30%. The duration of wind above 10 Beauford scale is generally 6 - 72 h, where 24- 48 h has the highest frequency of occurrence. 55% of the severe extratropical cyclones developed into explosive cyclones and they happened between September and the following May. occurrence frequency was the highest in winter, accounted for more than 60% of the total. The knowledge gained from the analysis will help the ships to effectively avoid the severe extratropical cyclone.

关 键 词：西北太平洋 温带气旋 气候特征 分析 

分 类 号：P443[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P732