邛海盆地土壤氮素空间变异特征与影响因素研究  

Spatial Variability of Soil Nitrogen and Its Influential Factors in Qionghai Basin

作　　者：胡玉福[1] 邓良基[1] 肖海华[1] 舒向阳[1] 黄成毅[1] 罗澜芳 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源环境学院,成都611130

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第4期132-140,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：'十一五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2008BAK51B02);四川省科技支撑计划资助项目(2010NZ0105;2011SZZ023;2013SZ0110;2014SZ0059)

摘　　要：以西昌市邛海盆地为研究区域,随机均匀布点采集386个耕作层土壤样点,分析化验土壤理化性质,运用地统计学方法和GIS技术研究邛海盆地表层土壤氮素含量的空间变异特征,利用方差分析、缓冲区分析和回归分析定量分析区域内土壤氮素空间变异的影响因素。研究结果表明,研究区表层土壤全氮和速效氮含量分别为(1.85±0.51)g/kg和(138.5±47.7)mg/kg,属较丰富水平,变异系数分别为27.52%和32.24%,属中等差异强度;土壤全氮和速效氮具有中等程度的空间相关性,空间变异均以随机变异为主,具有各向异性特征,在西北-东南方向上空间变异相对剧烈;研究区土壤全氮和速效氮含量总体上呈条带状或斑块状分布特征,高值区主要位于西昌市的东南郊区,并以此高值中心向南、向东和向北3个方向逐步递减,低值区主要出现在邛海北面近湖岸地带。影响因素分析结果表明,土地利用方式、土壤母质、土壤质地、土壤p H值、城镇、河流、邛海湖对土壤全氮和速效氮空间变异具有显著影响,而道路对土壤氮素空间变异影响不显著。Soil nitrogen is necessary nutrient elements for plant in agricultural ecosystem, and excessive nitrogenous fertilizer is one of the main reasons of rural surface source pollution and water eutrophication. Therefore, understanding the spatial variability of soil nitrogen is vital for agricultural production and ecological environment protection. Qionghai lake is the second largest inland plateau freshwater lake of Sichuan Province. And it is important conservation areas for drinking water and nature reserve. Presently the water quality of Qionghai lake was mesotrophic status. Excessive nitrogen from rural surface source pollution was one of the main pollution factors. In this research, 386 soil sample points were selected by using random sampling method in Qionghai Basin, and soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed. Furthermore, spatial variability of soil nitrogen in the surface layer of this region was analyzed by using the geostatistics and GIS method, and its influential factors were also analyzed by means of variance analysis and buffer analysis. The results showed that the contents of soil total nitrogen （TN） and available nitrogen （AN） were （1.85 ＋ 0.51 ） g/kg and （138.5 ± 47.7） mg/kg, respectively. Variable coefficients of TN and AN were 27.52% and 32.24%, respectively, which belonged to a moderate level. Geostatistical analysis suggested that the spatial autocorrelations of soil TN and AN were moderate level,and random factors played a more important role in spatial variability than structural factors. The spatial variability of soil TN and AN were anisotropic, and obvious in northeast - southwest direction. TN and AN in the area were distributed in band and patches. Regions with high soil TN and AN contents were mainly distributed in southeast suburbs of Xichang City, and decreased gradually to north, east and south. Regions with low soil TN and AN contents were mainly distributed in north lakeshore zone of Qionghai lake. Spatial variability of soil TN and AN was significa

关 键 词：土壤氮素 地统计学 空间变异 GIS 缓冲区分析 

分 类 号：S159[农业科学—土壤学]