20世纪中期英国双轨核政策的困境——以取消“蓝光”导弹项目为中心的考察  

The Dilemma of Britain's Dual-track Nuclear Policy in the Middle 20th Century——A Case Study of Britain's Cancelling the “Blue Streak” Missile Program

作　　者：王娟娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学南亚研究所

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第1期75-82,共8页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项项目"不对称的核‘依存’:美英核联盟的形成及影响"(skq201212);教育部重点研究基地项目"核武器与战后国际关系"(08JJDGJW265)

摘　　要：二战后英国一直奉行双轨核政策,即坚持发展本国独立核威慑力量与保持对美国的核依赖并举,但1960年英国取消"蓝光"导弹项目是英国双轨核政策陷入困境的临界点。英国双轨核政策面临本土核威慑力量的规模、独立核威慑力量的存在价值以及在野党和民众对核政策的质疑和对抗等问题。正是英国双轨核政策内在矛盾的激化与美英核"依存"关系的不对称与不对等导致英国核政策走向失衡。面对此,麦克米伦政府依然选择沿袭双轨核政策,其主要原因是:继续与美国进行核合作可以节省英国的核研发成本,密切美英特殊关系;继续保持一定程度的独立核威慑,可使英国避免成为美国的"卫星国",并有利于加强其与欧洲的关系,为欧洲防务作出自己的贡献。At the end of the second world war,Britain began to pursue a dual-track nuclear policy,that is,developing its independent nuclear deterrent force whiling relying on the U.S.at the same time.In 1960,the British government cancelled the homegrown ＂Blue Streak＂ missile program and purchased the American ＂Skybolt＂ missile to replace it.It was a cut-off point which British dual-track nuclear policy began to lose its balance and fall into a dilemma.There were three challenges firstly,how much nuclear deterrent force Britain should keep secondly,the value of British independent nuclear deterrent force finally,new initiatives which the opposition Party put forward.However,the Macmillan government chose to continue the dual-track nuclear policy.By insisting on cooperation with the U.S.,Britain could save nuclear development costs and strengthen American-British relationship,and,at the same time,by maintaining a certain degree of independent nuclear deterrence,the British could avoid being a satellite state of America,and could help improve its relationship with other European countries,thus contributing to NATO’s defense.

关 键 词：英国 “蓝光”导弹 双轨核政策 美英核关系 

分 类 号：K561.5[历史地理—历史学]