干旱区典型绿洲耕地扩张及其人文驱动研究——以新疆且末绿洲为例  

Study on the Expansion of Cultivated Land and Its Human Driving Forces in Typical Arid Area Oasis: A Case Study of Charchan Oasis in Xinjiang

作　　者：迪力夏提.阿卜杜萨拉木 阿不都克依木.阿布力孜 周玄德[1] 许仲林[1] 瓦哈甫.哈力克 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《地域研究与开发》2015年第2期131-136,176,共7页Areal Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41161033;41271168);新疆大学"新疆绿洲生态自治区(教育部省部共建)重点实验室开放课题经费资助项目(XJDX0206-2011-04)

摘　　要：近年来,在全国耕地面积持续减少的背景下,西北干旱区耕地呈扩张趋势,现有研究关注其自然因素驱动力,对人文因素驱动力,特别是灌溉设施和方式、政策、经济利益和市场导向等因素关注较少。选取干旱区典型绿洲——且末绿洲,采用最大似然法和人机交互式分类相结合的方法从1972,1990,2001,2011年影像中提取耕地信息,结合统计学方法分析且末绿洲耕地变化的时空趋势、耕地复种指数的动态变化;在充分考虑人口因素的前提下,增加灌溉设施和方式、政策、经济利益和市场导向等因素,探讨了绿洲耕地扩张的人文驱动力。研究结果表明:1970年以来,且末绿洲耕地面积时增时减,总体呈增长趋势;耕地复种指数波动上升;人口增长、灌溉设施和方式、政策、经济利益和市场等因素在不同阶段以不同方式影响着该绿洲耕地面积的扩张。政策、经济利益和市场因素是近10年绿洲耕地迅速扩张的主要驱动因素。In recent years,the cultivated land in most parts of Xinjiang showed expansion trend under the background of constant reduction of countrywide cultivated land. Takes the typical arid area oasis of Charchan river,using maximum likelihood and man-machine interactive method extract information of cultivated land from the images of 1972,1990,2001,2011 of study area,combining with statistical methods,analyzed the general trend of temporal and spatial variation of cultivated land in Charchan Oasis and the change of multiple-cropping index. The study no longer takes increasingly prominent contradiction between population,grain and cultivated land as a starting point,study the human driving forces of the expansion of cultivated land in smaller regional scale,with fully considering the demographic factors and adding other factors,such as irrigation facilities,irrigation methods,policy factors,economic benefits and market orientation. Results showed that since 1970,the area of cultivated land showed general growth trend,multiple-cropping index generally rised,and still had room to increase. Population growth,irrigation facilities and methods,policies,economic benefits and market affected the expansion of cultivated land in different way and time stages. And the main driving forces which were responsible for the rapid expansion of cultivated land in recent 10 years were policies,economic benefits and market.

关 键 词：耕地扩张 人文驱动 干旱区 且末绿洲 新疆 

分 类 号：P967[天文地球—自然地理学]