2种母岩发育的地带性土壤中粘土矿物的组成特点  

Characteristics of clay minerals in the zonal soil from two kinds of parent rock

作　　者：张志毅[1] 黄丽[1] 卢胜[1] 付庆灵[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2015年第3期51-58,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271252);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2013PY002)

摘　　要：采取中国从北到南由花岗岩和片麻岩发育的几种地带性土壤(棕壤、黄棕壤、红壤和砖红壤),分析其<2μm粘粒的化学组成和粘土矿物组成特点,探明气候条件对土壤粘土矿物组成的影响。结果表明:在棕壤中以2∶1型粘土矿物为主,主要为伊利石,其次为蛭石和高岭石,并含有少量蒙脱石;黄棕壤中高岭石和蛭石占主要部分,其次为伊利石和蒙脱石;红壤中蛭石和蒙脱石消失,主要粘土矿物类型为高岭石,其次为伊利石和1.4nm过渡矿物。在热带砖红壤中1.4nm过渡矿物和蛭石消失,高岭石含量超过90%,其次为伊利石及少量三水铝石。粘土矿物的地带性差异主要受气候条件的影响,由北到南,随着温度和降雨量增加,土壤中的高岭石和蒙脱石含量增加,蛭石的含量降低;其中年均温和年均降雨量与高岭石含量存在显著正相关性,与蛭石和蒙脱石含量呈显著负相关性(P<0.05)。Abstract An investigation was made from north to south in china to study the soils＇ chemical and clay mineral composition characteristics of 〈 2 μm clay. Four different types of soils （including brown earths,yellow-brown earths,red earths and humid-thermo ferralitic） developed from granite and gneiss were collected to find some clues to prove that climate conditions affect the composition of soil clay min- erals in some degrees. The results showed that in brown earths, the clay minerals were mainly 2 ~ 1 type. Illite was a ubiquitous mineral,followed by vermiculite and kaolinite. A small amount of montmo- rillonite did exist. In yellow-brown earths,kaolinite and vermiculite occupied the main part, followed by illite and montmorillonite. In red earths, vermiculite and montmorillonite disappeared and was substitu- ted by kaolinite,illite and 1.4 nm intergrade minerals. 1.4 nm intergrade minerals and vermiculite did not exist in the humid-thermo ferralitic. The content of kaolinite was up to 90%, followed by illite and a small amount of gibbsite. Annual average temperature and average rainfall were significantly positively correlated with kaolinite, and significantly negatively correlated with vermiculite and montmorillonite （P〈 0. 05）.

关 键 词：气候 花岗岩 片麻岩 粘土矿物 地带性土壤 

分 类 号：P575.5[天文地球—矿物学] S151.1[天文地球—地质学]