机动车排放因子的隧道测试——以西安市为例  

A tunnel test for emission factors of motor vehicles in Xi'an

作　　者：田鹏山 曹军骥[1] 韩永明[1] 张宁宁[1] 周雅清[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球环境研究所气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室,西安710061 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《科技导报》2015年第6期59-63,共5页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41473119);科学技术部科技基础性工作专项(Y31Z021018);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05100402)

摘　　要：为深入了解西安市机动车污染物的排放特征,选取代表性城区隧道进行机动车污染物排放浓度及排放因子的测试实验,获得了隧道入口和出口的PM2.5、CO、NOx、HC和VOCs等污染物的质量浓度,并结合气象数据和交通参数,计算了各污染物平均排放因子。结果表明:PM2.5、CO、NOx、HC和VOCs的平均排放因子分别为(0.016±0.005)、(1.097±0.398)、(0.159±0.092)、(0.179±0.089)、(0.317±0.172)g/(km·辆)。不同时段的排放因子存在一定差异,并且PM2.5的排放因子显著小于气态污染物。此外,本次实验测得的排放因子小于国内先前多数研究结果,这可能与燃料品质、发动机效率、尾气排放控制技术和城市管理水平的提高有关。In order to study the characteristics of major pollutants emitted by motor vehicles, a tunnel test was carried out in a representative tunnel in downtown Xi＇an. Through continuous online monitoring at both entrance and exit of the tunnel, meteorological data, traffic parameters and mass concentration data of PM2.5, CO, NOx, HC and VOCs were obtained. By calculating the emission factors of motor vehicles, it was found that the average emission factors of PM2.5, CO, NOx, HC and VOCs were （0.016±0.005）, （1.097±0.398）, （0.159±0.092）, （0.179±0.089） and （0.317±0.172） g/（km-veh）, respectively. The emission factors varied with time during the day, and the emission factors of PM2.5 were obviously smaller than gaseous pollutants. In addition, the emission factors declined dramatically as compared to the previous study in China, which might owe to the improvement of fuel quality, engine efficiency, exhaust control technology and urban management.

关 键 词：隧道实验 机动车污染物排放 排放因子 

分 类 号：X734[环境科学与工程—环境工程]