现实性和非现实性范畴下的汉语副词研究  

A Study of Mandarin Adverbs Under Realis-Irrealis Distinction

作　　者：周韧[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学教务处

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2015年第2期167-183,共17页Chinese Teaching in the World

摘　　要：现实性与非现实性是情态研究中的重要概念。本文认为,在汉语副词研究当中引入现实性和非现实性的概念,将会收到良好的研究效果。本文从"常常"和"往往"的差异谈起,进而介绍现实性和非现实性的概念,并指出"往往"是一种基于现实性使用的副词。利用现实性和非现实性,本文还讨论了"赶紧"和"赶忙"、"很"和"挺"、"只"与"仅"、"差不多"和"差点儿"以及"稍微"和"多少"等的差异。文章还指出,很多修饰语位置的不同也与现实性概念高度相关。总而言之,在汉语副词研究和语法研究中引入现实性和非现实性这对概念,对以往一些副词纷杂的分布能有简单统一的解释,不仅能促进语法本体研究,也有利于对外汉语虚词教学。This paper introduces the contrast between realis and irrealis ,which constructs an important category in modality,into the Mandarin adverb research. By discussing several pairs Mandarin nearly-synonymous adverbs, such as ＂Changchang vs Wangwang＂,＂Ganjin vs Ganmang＂, ＂Hen vs Ting＂ ,＂Zhi vs Jin＂, etc. It shows that the subtle semantic difference of those adverbs could be highlighted in realis or irrealis environ- ments. Furthermore, this paper proves that the syntactic distribution of modifiers reflects the gradity of realis. This paper proposes that the concept of realis and irrealis could offer a simple and clear-cut explanation for Mandarin adverb discrimination.

关 键 词：现实性 非现实性 副词 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]