激光清洗云冈石窟文物表面污染物的试验研究  

Laser Cleaning of Contaminants on the Surface of Yungang Grottoes

作　　者：齐扬[1,2] 周伟强[1,2] 陈静[3] 叶亚云[3] 周萍 侯静敏 吴鹏 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]陕西省文物保护研究院,陕西西安710075 [3]中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心,四川绵阳621900

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2015年第2期32-38,共7页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAKB53005)

摘　　要：为利用激光清洗技术清除石质文物表面污染物,在实验室进行了激光岩石损伤试验和表面污染物清除的干式清洗和湿式清洗试验,得到激光清洗云冈石窟砂岩的损伤阈值为73.5mJ,砂岩表面墨迹、烟熏、油漆、石灰污染物的干式清洗阈值分别为21mJ、20.5mJ、49.5mJ、32.5mJ,湿式清洗阈值分别为17.7mJ、20.5mJ、33.5mJ、32.5mJ;按照文物保护的安全性原则,提出利用激光清除污染物的有效能量范围;在此基础上,对山西大同云冈石窟西43窟墨迹和烟熏黑垢进行了现场激光清洗试验,结果表明激光能安全有效地去除文物表面墨迹和烟熏污染物。To apply laser technique to removing contaminants on the surface of stone historical relics, this paper carries out the wet and dry laser cleaning experiments to study the rock damage and contaminants cleaning and obtains the damage threshold and cleaning thresholds of sandstone from Yungang Grottoes. The damage threshold is 73.5 mJ. Respectively the cleaning thresholds of sandstone are 21 mJ, 20.5 mJ, 49.5 mJ and 32.5 mJ for dry cleaning,and 17.7 mJ,20.5 mJ,33.5 mJ and 32.5 mJ for wet cleaning. Based on the results and the safety criteria of the preservation of historical relics, the paper proposes the limitation of irradiation energy of laser. The paper also carries out site experiments of laser cleaning in Yungang Grottoes, the results show that laser cleaning can remove black ink and smoked dirt safely and effectively.

关 键 词：激光清洗 文物表面污染物 清洗阈值 损伤阈值 云冈石窟 

分 类 号：X503.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程] K879.22[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]