基于EDC模型的含HCN火灾烟气数值模拟及毒性评价  

Numerical Simulation and Toxic Potency Evaluation of Fire Smoke with HCN Based on EDC Model

作　　者：陈银[1] 蒋勇[1] 潘龙苇 叶美娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230027

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2015年第2期117-123,共7页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51176181);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2012CB719704);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20123402110047;20133402110010)

摘　　要：在大涡模拟中嵌入湍流涡耗散概念(EDC)模型,可实现全尺度火灾过程中复杂化学反应的数值模拟及毒性气体产物的捕集。利用新模型对某沙发作坊火灾场景进行数值重构,并利用N-GAS模型评估火灾烟气的毒性,研究氰化氢(HCN)对火灾烟气毒性的影响。结果表明:全尺度火灾场景中基于EDC模型的火灾烟气数值模拟具有可行性;火灾烟气毒性评价显示人员死亡的主要原因是烟气毒性作用,并非高温灼烧,与火灾调查结果一致;含HCN的烟气毒性评价值超出不含HCN的烟气一个数量级,且超出危险临界值1.0;HCN的存在极大地增加了火灾烟气的毒性,表明其对多组分火灾烟气毒性有重要影响。It is achieved to model complex chemical reaction and measure the toxic product yields in full scale fire tests by embedding an eddy dissipation concept （EDC） model into the code of large eddy simulation. Taking a sofa fire as an example, this paper applies the new model to reconstructing the process of combustion, uses NGAS model to assess toxic potency of combustion products and discusses the effect of hydrogen cyanide （HCN） yield on toxic potency of fire smoke systematically. Results show that there is a technical feasibility for simulating toxic products of full-scale fire scene based on EDC model. According to the assessment, we find that it is not high temperature but toxicity of fire smoke which should be blamed for deaths, which is in accordance with the fire investigation findings. Moreover, the evaluating value of toxic smoke is beyond the critical value 1.0, and larger than the gases without HCN by one maguitude, which illustrates HCN has heavely affected the toxic potency of fire smoke. Key words. Fire smoke ; EDC model ; numerical simulation; toxicity assessment ; HCN

关 键 词：火灾烟气 EDC模型 数值模拟 毒性评价 氰化氢 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]