2005-2013年全国本地感染与境外输入疟疾流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of indigeous and imported malaria in China, 2005-2013

作　　者：王亚丽[1] 王煊[2] 张彦平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206 [2]解放军302医院,北京100039

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2015年第2期120-126,共7页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：世界银行禽/人流感信托基金赠款中国新发传染病防控能力建设项目(HA02-H01)~~

摘　　要：目的了解2005-2013年全国疟疾流行病学特征,为制定防控策略直至消除疟疾提供依据。方法收集2005-2013年中国疾病预防控制中心传染病信息报告管理系统所报告的疟疾病例,应用Excel 2010和SPSS 18.0软件对病例相关信息进行统计学分析。结果 2005-2013年全国共报告疟疾210 220例,其中本地感染187 334例,境外输入17 990例,感染来源不明4896例。自2006年起,境外输入病例逐年上升,并成为疟疾的主要感染来源。疟疾本地感染病例在7-10月为发病高峰,而境外输入病例以5、6月为发病小高峰。职业分布中,本地感染和境外输入病例均以农民最多。非洲和亚洲为我国境外输入疟疾的主要输出地。各型疟疾均以缅甸境外输入病例最多,但尼日利亚、安哥拉、加纳、赤道几内亚等非洲国家自2008年输出病例逐年增多。结论近年我国本地感染病例所占比例逐年下降,而境外输入病例却逐年上升,并成为疟疾的主要感染来源。今后应加强对境外归国人员的主动监测,以降低我国疟疾发病水平。Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiology of malaria in China between 2005 and 2013 and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control. Methods Data on malaria cases in China from 2005 to 2013 were collected from the national information reporting system of infectious diseases. Data were input into Microsoft Excel 2010 and then imported into SPSS 18.0 to conduct the analysis. Results Of 210 220 malaria cases reported from 2005 to 2013, a total of 187 334 were indigeous, 17 990 were imported from other countries and 4896 had unknown infection sources. The imported cases showed an increasing trend since 2006 and it has become a major challenge for malaria elimination. Indigenous cases reached a peak during July-October and imported cases occurred mainly between May and June. Majority of indigenous and imported cases were farmers. The imported cases were mainly acquired from Africa and Asia. Most of Plasmodium spp. of malaria was acquired in Burma, but imported cases from African countries such as Nigeria, Angola, Ghana, and Equatorial Guinea increased year by year since 2008. Conclusion From 2005 to 2013 in China, there was a consistent increase in the number of malaria cases imported from other countries while the number of locally acquired cases sharply declined. The imported malaria has been an important infectious source. Preventive efforts should be focused on workers that return from overseas, and the surveillance and response system should be strengthened to further reduce malaria incidence in China.

关 键 词：疟疾 流行病学 输入性病例 

分 类 号：R531.3[医药卫生—内科学]