中国城市化迟滞的所有制基础:理论与经验证据  

The Ownership Basement of China's Under Urbanization:Theory and Evidence

作　　者：刘瑞明[1] 石磊[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学经济管理学院,710127 [2]复旦大学经济学院

出　　处：《经济研究》2015年第4期107-121,共15页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社科重大招标项目(11&ZD073);国家自然科学基金项目(71303185);教育部社会科学规划基金项目(13XJA790003);陕西省社科基金项目(12D124);陕西省教育厅项目(12JK0152);西北大学优秀青年骨干教师支持计划的资助

摘　　要：中国的城市化进程缘何滞后?为什么中国各个地区之间的城市化水平表现出如此巨大的差异性?本文抓住中国经济转型中的"双重二元结构"特征,从所有制结构入手为破解这一谜题提供了一个视角。研究发现,在中国过去农村剩余劳动力相对过剩的前提下,城镇企业对于农村剩余劳动力的"拉力"在城市化的进程中扮演了重要角色。而企业的所有制结构及其对劳动雇工的需求影响了"拉力"和城市化进程。国有企业存在着普遍的资本偏向和对整体经济的拖累机制,单位产值所产生的劳动需求相对较少,从而国有产值比重越高的地方,其能够解决的就业越少,最终导致可容纳的城镇人口数越少,城市化进程滞后。利用中国(1985—2011)的省级面板数据,本文发现,过高的国有产值比重会显著地抑制地区的城市化进程。这说明,中国城市化的滞后一定程度上源自于所有制改革的滞后。因此,要想加快地区的城市化进程,一个重要的手段就是进行所有制结构的转变。Why does China＇s urbanization process lag behind？ Why does the urbanization performance among various regions of China have such huge differences？ This paper provides a perspective of ownership structure to unlock this puzzle, considering the character of ＂double dual structure＂ in China＇s economic transition. The paper finds that under the premise of the relative rural surplus labor force in the past of China, urban enterprises ＂pull＂ force for the rural surplus labor plays an important role in the process of urbanization. The ownership structure of the enterprises and the demand for employees impact regional urbanization. State-owned enterprises（ SOEs） are commonly capital-biased and tend to drag on the overall economy, whose demand for labor force is relatively small, so that the higher the proportion of state-owned, the lower employment scale. The reduction of employment opportunities means that the rural surplus labor absorptive capacity of urban enterprises is limited, further the process of urbanization lags behind. Using provincial panel data（ 1985--2011 ）of China, we find that the State-owned proportion significantly inhibits the process of urbanization. To some extent, the lag of China＇s urbanization partly derives from the lag of China＇s ownership reform. The policy implication of this paper is that, in order to speed up the urbanization and the household registration system reform, it is important to change the ownership structure.

关 键 词：所有制结构 城市化迟滞 双重二元结构 就业 

分 类 号：F299.2[经济管理—国民经济]