行政垄断对所有制差异所致资源错配的影响  

Effect of Administrative Monopoly on Resources Misallocation Caused by Ownership Differences

作　　者：靳来群 林金忠[1] 丁诗诗[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2015年第4期31-43,共13页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金一般项目"当代金融主导型资本主义经济内在不稳定性问题研究"(批准号12YJA790081)

摘　　要：本文基于异质性企业垄断竞争模型,提出所有制差异所致资源错配程度的测算模型,并利用中国工业企业数据,测算了要素价格因所有制差异而导致的资源错配程度。结果表明,尽管中国所有制差异所致资源错配程度总体上呈下降趋势,但资源错配情况依然严重,1998—2007年所有制差异带来的制造业全要素生产率(TFP)损失每年都在200%以上,其中劳动要素错配带来的TFP损失约为100%,资本要素错配带来的TFP损失约为50%。本文分析还表明,所有制差异所致资源错配问题的根本原因并不在于所有制差异本身,而在于政府行政权力与国有企业垄断结合而形成的行政垄断。行政部门通过设置市场进入壁垒、管制市场价格获得垄断势力,以及通过支配国有银行占主导的金融体系为国有企业带来较低的融资成本,从而实现国有企业高利润以及员工高福利,进而导致资本要素和劳动要素的错配。Based on the monopolistic competition model of heterogeneous enterprises, this paper puts forward the measuring model which is used to measure the degree of resources misallocation caused by the differences of ownership. Using Chinese industrial enterprises data, this paper measures the degree of resources misallocation. The resuhs show that, although the degree of resources misallocation is on decline in the long time, it is still very serious. From 1998 to 2007, the ownership differences led to industrial total factor productivity （TFP） loss more than 200% every year. The degree of labor misallocation approached 100%, and the degree of capital misallocation was approximately 50%. This paper also shows us that the fundamental reason for resources misallocation caused by ownership differences is not just ownership differences itself, but administrative monopoly which is defined as the combination between administrative power of government and monopoly of state-owned enterprises. Through governing financial system which is predominated by state-owned banks, the administrative departments bring the state-owned enterprises lower financing cost. Meanwhile through setting market entry barriers, controlling price, and providing lower financing cost, the administrative departments bring the state-owned enterprises higher profit and employee welfare, and then lead to capital and labor misallocation.

关 键 词：所有制差异 资源错配 政府干预 行政垄断 

分 类 号：F124.5[经济管理—世界经济]