稻瘟病菌无毒基因序列变异研究进展  

Progress on sequence variation of avirulence genes in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea

作　　者：姜华[1] 余欢[1,2] 王艳丽[1] 孙国昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,浙江杭州310021 [2]杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江杭州310036

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2015年第3期512-520,共9页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：浙江省公益技术研究农业项目(2012C22024);浙江省自然科学基金(Y3110537);农业部公益性行业项目(201203014)

摘　　要：稻瘟病是水稻生产上的重要病害,稻瘟病菌无毒基因与水稻抗病基因间符合基因对基因学说,当寄主的抗病基因产物直接或间接识别稻瘟病菌的无毒基因产物时,可激发寄主产生过敏性坏死反应。在病原菌的致病系统中,无毒基因不稳定,经常发生变异,无毒基因的变异导致其逃脱寄主抗病基因的识别,抗病品种丧失抗病性。因此,了解无毒基因的变异机制对于培育抗病品种是至关重要的。无毒基因的变异机制主要包括点突变、缺失、插入、复制、移码突变等。目前,无毒基因AVR1-CO39,PWL,AVR-Pita的变异机制报道较多,ACE1,Avr Piz-t,AVR-Pia,AVR-Pii,AVR-Pik/km/kp的变异机制报道较少。Magnaporthe grisea is one of the most devastating pathogens of rice. The specific interaction between rice and M. grisea follows the gene-for-gene hypothesis,and the cognate genes in M. grisea were called AVR genes.When the corresponding host gene,known as resistance（R） genes recognize the products of the cognate AVR genes,the immune responses of rice which are always associated with hypersensitive response are trigged. During the interaction between M. grisea and its host,AVR genes always exhibit the characterization of instability. The mutation of AVR genes usually result in the loss of resistance of rice. The mutations of AVR genes involve several mechanisms,including point mutations,deletions,insertion,duplication and frame-shift mutation. The mutation mechanisms of AVR1-CO39,PWL,AVR-Pita are well studied,the mutation pattern of other AVR genes including ACE1,Avr Piz-t,AVR-Pia,AVR-Pii and AVR-Pik / km / kp are less known and need further research.

关 键 词：稻瘟病菌 无毒基因 变异 

分 类 号：S435.111.41[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]