中学教师职业紧张与应对方式、社会支持关系的研究  

Association of Occupational Stress with Coping Style and Social Support among Secondary School Teachers

作　　者：倪祯 唐金华[1] 韩明明[1] 赵作荣[1] 刘继文[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆830011

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2015年第4期319-323,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:81260425)

摘　　要：[目的]研究中学教师职业紧张与应对方式及社会支持的关系。[方法]采用职业紧张量表修订版(OSI-R)、社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷,根据分层整群抽样方法,抽取中学在职任课的3 500名教师进行现场问卷调查。[结果]中学教师职业紧张水平与中国西南地区职业紧张常模比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同性别间消极应对方式得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同民族教师间应对方式比较,除解决问题外,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);初、高中教师间应对方式比较,除求助和退避外,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同人口学特征教师社会支持总分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同紧张水平间教师应对方式及社会支持情况,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。解决问题因素对职业紧张反应影响较大(P<0.01)。[结论]中学教师职业紧张与应对方式及社会支持有关,应鼓励教师多采用积极应对方式及增加教师社会支持度来降低中学教师职业紧张,提高生命及工作质量。[Objective] To assess the association of occupational stress with coping style and social support in secondary school teachers. [Methods] A questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 500 teachers of middle schools selected by stratified cluster sampling method using Occupational Stress Inventory Revised Edition（OSI-R）, Social Support Rating Scale, and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire. [Results] The OSI-R scores of the secondary school teachers were different compared with the occupational stress norm of southwest China（P 〈0.01）. The negative coping style scores varied by gender（P 〈0.01）. The scores of coping style were also different among ethnic groups except the score of problem solving（P 〈0.01） and between junior and senior high school teachers except the scores of seeking help and avoidance（P 〈0.01）. The teachers categorized by demographic characteristics showed differences in social support scores（P 〈0.01）. The teachers＇ coping style and social support varied by stress level（P 〈0.01）. Problem solving showed significant impacts on occupational stress reaction（P 〈0.01）. [Conclusion] Coping style and social support could affect occupational stress of the secondary school teachers. Therefore, the teachers are encouraged to adopt more positive coping styles and increase social support to reduce their occupational stress and improve the quality of life and work.

关 键 词：职业紧张 应对方式 社会支持 中学教师 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]