重力沉沙过滤池对高含沙河水的沉沙效果分析  

Solution Effect Aanalysis of Gravity Desilting Filter Tank in Processing River Water with High Sand Content

作　　者：戚印鑫 孙娟 耿凡坤 

机构地区：[1]新疆水利水电科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《水利与建筑工程学报》2015年第2期11-14,52,共5页Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B05);自治区科研院所基本科研经费资助项目(KY2014041)

摘　　要：由于地下水的严重超采,河水将逐步作为新疆农田节水灌溉的替代水源,河水中泥沙的去除率是河水能否推广的主要障碍,目前科技人员在研究各种装置用于降低河水中的泥沙。其中重力沉沙过滤池是清除泥沙比较好的一种除沙装置,其构造包括沉沙池、过滤网、清水池、集污槽等。该工程利用沉淀池与过滤网对泥沙进行两级处理,出池水质泥沙含量有明显降低。通过对玛纳斯县五圣宫村重力沉沙池一个灌溉期的现场含沙量试验研究和分析,结果表明,该重力沉沙过滤池对河水泥沙总处理率可以达到46%左右,出池泥沙粒径在0.05 mm以下。重力沉沙池增加过滤网结构型式后,沉沙效率可以提高30%以上。可以看出,采用这种结构型式的沉沙池,在处理泥沙方面较传统的沉沙池有一定的优势,利用过滤网可以将水沙进行强制分离,尤其对细颗粒泥沙比自然沉降效果显著。River will gradually become the major farmland water source in water-saving irrigation scheme in Xinjiang,due to the serious over exploitation of groundwater. Science and technology teams are developing all sorts of devices to reduce the sediment in the river water,because the removal rate of sediment in the river water stands for the major obstacle to the promotion of the river water in irrigation. Gravity desilting filtration is a better method,the filter tank includes a sedimentation tank,a filter net,a clear water tank and a set sewage tank. According to the experimental research and analysis of the gravity desilting filter tank in Wushenggong,Manasi county,the device can significantly reduce the sediment concentration through the sedimentation tank and the filter net with the highest sand removal rate of 46%,and sediment particle sizes under 0. 05 mm. After the installation of the filter net structure,the desilting efficiency can be increased more than 30%. Therefore the gravity desilting filter tank has certain advantages over the conventional tanks,the application of the filter net enhances the efficiency of separating sand and water,which has a great effect on desilting fine sediment.

关 键 词：河水滴灌 重力沉沙过滤池 泥沙分布 沉沙效率 

分 类 号：TV673.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]