近十年太湖生态系统服务功能价值变化评估  

Valuation of changes of ecosystem services of Tai Lake in recent 10 years

作　　者：贾军梅[1,2] 罗维[1] 杜婷婷[1,3] 李中和[3] 吕永龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第7期2255-2264,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划973计划课题(2008CB418106);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41271502;C031001);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室项目(SKLURE2008-1-04;SKLURE2008-1-05)

摘　　要：理解和把握近年来湖泊生态系统服务功能退化规律的最佳手段是评估其生态系统服务功能价值的变化。以太湖为例,基于近十年来太湖生态系统的科学调查数据,综合运用生态学及经济学方法,对太湖生态系统的四大类功能和11个亚类的服务价值进行了综合评估。研究结果表明,2000年、2003年、2007年和2009年太湖生态系统服务总价值分别为1627.98亿元、1908.68亿元、1503.99亿元和3528.73亿元,保持逐渐升高的趋势,但是在2007年却意外降低。从2000年到2009年太湖生态系统服务功能价值构成发生了一些变化,2000年以供水功能为主体,约占总价值的43%,2003年和2007年变为以航运功能为主体,分别占总价值的41.31%和38.73%,而2009年又变为以旅游功能为主体,约占总价值的52.52%,总体上由供给功能向文化功能转变。航运功能和旅游功能急剧上升而供水功能急剧下降不利于长远发挥的太湖生态服务功能。蓝藻水华的发生可能降低太湖供给功能、支持服务功能和文化服务功能,进而对太湖生态服务的总价值产生负面影响。研究认为太湖生态系统对支持和保护人类社会具有重要的作用,为管理者和决策者有效的保护和管理湖泊生态系统提供了重要的信息。Lake ecosystem in Tai Lake （CH： Taihu） provide people with both direct and indirect benefits which are called ecosystem services. However, lake ecosystem services in Tai Lake have not well recognized and accurately quantified in past years. Decades of wastewater discharge, industrial pollution, and over application of chemical fertilizers around the basin have transformed this once meso-oligotrophic lake in the 1950s into its present hypertrophic state. As a result, cyanobaeteria blooms appear during every summer in recent years, which may in turn have serious impacts on lake ecosystem functions and services delivery. In the late May of 2007, heavy cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Microcystis and their harmful metabolites occurred in the water columns of the northern region of Tai Lake resulting in a world-shaking drinking water crisis in Wuxi, Jiangshu Province, China. The best way to understand the deterioration of ecosystem service functions of a lake is to assess its ecosystem service values. Tai Lake, as a typical lake in eutrophication in China, was selected as a case study and data of ecosystems of Tai Lake were collected over the last 10 years. An integrated method of economy and ecology was applied to estimate the value of lake ecosystem service functions. Ecosystem service functions of Tai Lake were divided into four main categories including provisioning, regulating , cultural and supporting services. The four categories were subdivided into eleven subcategories which covered water supply, aquatic products, shipping, climate regulation, soil and sand transportation, water purification, flood control, water resource storage, soil conservancy, maintaining biodiversity and tourism. Total values of ecosystem services for Tai Lake in 2000, 2003, 2007 and 2009 were 1628.0 %×10s, 1908.7 ×10 8, 1504.0× 108 and 3528.7×10 8 Yuan RMB, respectively. An increasing tendency of total value of ecosystem service of Tai Lake was observed in each year except 2007. The main ecosystem service functions changed

关 键 词：湖泊生态系统 服务 评估 经济 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X196