基于数据包络分析的乡镇卫生院运行效率评价及分析  

Efficiency Evaluation of Rural Health Centers Based on DEA

作　　者：周慧姊[1] 王晓燕[1] 董屹[1] 高清[1] 王玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学卫生管理与教育学院,北京市100069

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2015年第7期755-758,共4页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：北京市哲学社会科学规划重大项目(11ZDA05)--医改背景下的首都农村卫生人力资源配置研究;北京市属高等学校教学创新人才--教学名师项目(PHR201106207)

摘　　要：目的通过数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis,DEA)了解2011—2013年北京市H区乡镇卫生院的运行效率,为H区乡镇卫生院的资源配置提供合理化建议。方法本研究资料均来源于2013年11月—2014年2月,首都医科大学农村医患信任研究课题组在北京市H区卫生局配合下对北京市H区16所乡镇卫生院进行的普查。运用DEA投入导向的CCR和BCC模型计算乡镇卫生院的综合效率、技术效率及规模效率值;确定乡镇卫生院运行效率评价的投入指标和产出指标,分析其实际值与理想值的差异。结果 (1)综合效率:2011年16所乡镇卫生院中,有3所卫生院的综合效率=1,占18.8%;2012年有2所卫生院的综合效率=1,占12.5%;2013年有3所卫生院的综合效率=1,占18.8%。技术效率:2011—2012年16所乡镇卫生院中,均有8所卫生院的技术效率=1,占50.0%;2013年有9所卫生院的技术效率=1,占56.2%。规模效率:2011年16所乡镇卫生院中有3所卫生院的规模效率=1,占18.8%;2012年有2所卫生院的规模效率=1,占12.5%;2013年有3所卫生院的规模效率=1,占18.8%。(2)2013年非DEA有效的乡镇卫生院开放床位数实际值>目标值;卫生技术人员数实际值>目标值;固定资产总额实际值>目标值。结论 2011—2013年,北京市H区的16所乡镇卫生院运行效率较平稳,规模效率可能是制约总体效率的主要因素。乡镇卫生院存在开放病床数过多,卫生技术人员数量配置过剩,固定资产闲置的问题。建议乡镇卫生院:(1)根据自身服务能力和功能定位合理购置诊疗设备,促进医疗资源有效配置;(2)在人员配比上适当引进资质水平较高医务人员,鼓励医务人员参加技术课程培训和资格考试;(3)按实际情况酌情配置病床数,提高病床运用效率。Objective To evaluate the efficiency of rural health centers in H District,Beijing from 2011 to 2013 using data envelopment analysis（ DEA）,and to provide feasible suggestions for reasonable allocation of medical resources. Methods In this study,data were obtained from the survey on 16 rural health centers in H District, Beijing which was conducted by Capital Medical University from November,2013 to February 2014. Input- oriented CCR and BCC models of DEA were used to calculate the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency value; input index and output index in the efficiency evaluation of rural health centers were determined; the difference between actual value and ideal value of input index was investigated. Results（ 1） Overall efficiency： out of the 16 rural health centers,the amount of rural health centers with comprehensive efficiency = 1 was three（ 18. 8%） in 2011, two（ 12. 5%） in 2012 and three（ 18. 8%） in 2013. Technical efficiency： From 2011 to 2012,the amount of rural health centers with technical efficiency = 1 was eight（ 50. 0%）,and nine（ 56. 2%） in 2013. Scale efficiency： the amount of rural health centers with scale efficiency = 1 was three（ 18. 8%） in 2011,two（ 12. 5%） in 2012 and three（ 18. 8%） in 2013.（ 2） In 2013,for rural health centers that are DEA ineffective, theactual value of the number of sickbeds was larger than target value; the actual value of number of health workers was larger than target value; the actual value of the total amount of fixed assets was lager than target value. Conclusion From 2011 to 2013,we noted a steady trend in the operating efficiency of the 16 rural health centers in H District,Beijing. Scale efficiency may be the primary influencing factor for overall efficiency. The number of sickbeds in rural health centers is excessive,so are the number of health workers and the amount of fixed assets. For these problems,we made following suggestions to rural health centers.（ 1）Medical equipments

关 键 词：数据包络分析 医院 乡村 效率 

分 类 号：R197.62[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]