社区居民骨质疏松症危险因素认知状况及干预效果研究  

Community Residents' Awareness Status of Risk Factors for Osteoporosis and Intervention Effect

作　　者：侯武姿[1] 杜雪平[1] 于溯[1] 孙艳格[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市西城区首都医科大学附属复兴医院月坛社区卫生服务中心,100045

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2015年第10期1212-1215,共4页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：北京市科技计划课题(D101100049910005)

摘　　要：目的了解北京市社区居民对骨质疏松症危险因素的认知状况,并对干预效果进行评价。方法于2011年6月,采用目的性抽样方法,在北京市西城区北区(原西城区)、西城区南区(原宣武区)、东城区、海淀区各选择1个社区卫生服务中心,各社区卫生服务中心通过募集志愿者的方式征集研究对象,共1 000人。其中干预组500人,对照组500人。干预组根据已制定的《北京市城镇居民骨质疏松症社区规范化管理标准》进行规范化管理1年;对照组则进行常规管理。采取问卷调查方式,于干预前后对两组骨质疏松症危险因素的认知情况进行调查,并评估干预效果。结果干预后,对照组对低钙、缺乏运动、吸烟、女性更年期、维生素D不足这5项骨质疏松症危险因素的知晓率较干预前增长了16.0%、0、10.1%、-0.5%、11.5%;干预组分别较干预前增长了32.7%、10.2%、18.0%、26.7%、35.5%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,对照组对视力下降、卫生间缺乏扶手、行动障碍、恐惧跌倒、平衡能力差这5项骨质疏松症跌倒危险因素的知晓率较干预前增长了0.7%、-3.7%、7.5%、-2.4%、1.9%;干预组分别较干预前增长了13.7%、38.7%、24.7%、42.1%、37.9%,两组比较在卫生间缺乏扶手、恐惧跌倒、平衡能力差3项上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论北京市城镇社区居民对骨质疏松症危险因素了解不足,经规范化管理后认知水平显著提高,骨质疏松症规范化管理切实有效。Objective To investigate community residents＇ awareness status of risk factors for osteoporosis and evaluate the intervention effect. Methods We chose the north area of Xicheng District,the south area of Xicheng District,Dongcheng District and Haidian District in Beijing and selected one community health service center from each district by using purposive sampling method in June,2011. Four centers recruited all together 1 000 volunteers as the subjects of the study,and the subjects were divided into intervention group（ n = 500） and control group（ n = 500）. The control group was administered with the ＂ Standardized management of osteoporosis in community residents in Beijing＂ that was newly formulated; the control group was administered with common management methods. Questionnaires were used to investigate awareness status of risk factors for osteoporosis before and after intervention and the intervention effect was evaluated. Results Compared with the data before intervention,control groups＇ awareness rates of low calcium, lack of exercises, smoking, female climacteric, vitamin D increased 16. 0%,0,10. 1%,- 0. 5% and 11. 5%; intervention groups＇ awareness rate of the same risk factors increased32. 7%,10. 2%,18. 0%,26. 7% and 35. 5%; the differences between the two groups were significant（ P 0. 05）.Compared with the data before intervention,control group＇s awareness rate of diminution of vision,lack of handrail in bathroom,action obstacles, fear of tumble and poor balancing ability increased 0. 7%,- 3. 7%, 7. 5%,- 2. 4% and 1. 9%;intervention groups＇ awareness rate of the same risk factors increased 13. 7%, 38. 7%, 24. 7%, 42. 1% and 37. 9%;significant differences existed in the awareness rate of lack of handrail in bathroom,fear for tumble and poor balancing ability between the two groups（ P 0. 05）. Conclusion Community residents in Beijing do not have a good awareness of risk factors for osteoporosis,which can be effectively improved by the newly formulated standardized management

关 键 词：骨质疏松症 危险因素 健康教育 效果评价 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R681.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]