中亚国家语言政策及其发展走向分析  

Analysis on Linguistic Policy and its Development Trend in Central Asian Republics

作　　者：张宏莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学外国语学院

出　　处：《新疆社会科学》2015年第2期72-79,161,共8页Social Sciences in Xinjiang

基　　金：教育部社科规划项目"原苏联国家语言现状与语言政策研究"(10YJA740125)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：中亚国家实施以全面发展本国国语并扩大其在政治、经济和社会生活等所有领域的功能为主要目的的新型语言政策,与此同时,降低俄语地位、缩减俄语使用范围、有意进行文字改革的举措,使俄语被严重"边缘化"。然而,俄语的交际功能和实际应用性并没有因法律地位的下降而大幅度降低,俄语仍然是主要的族际交际语言。语言政策与现实需求的背离,严重影响着社会生活的方方面面,语言环境恶化促使人口外迁,不懂俄语制约劳务输出,字母拉丁化导致教育质量下降,俄语的语言功能被认知为与俄交往的利器。中亚国家语言政策的最大特点是过于政治化,语言完全被某些政治家视为政治游戏的手段,而未把它当作经济和社会发展的有效资源。人口、经济和地缘政治等因素将会直接影响中亚国家语言政策的发展走向。总体而言,俄语不会迅速退出中亚,主体民族语言彻底拉丁化尚需时日。The new linguistic policy held in Central Asian republics aims to expand language of their main ethnic group to every social aspect,especially in politics and economy.Meanwhile,the authority of these republics has been downgraded Russian language and limited its usage space deliberately,marginalized Russian language by the reform of writing system.However,despite the descent of its legal situation,the space of Russian language has not been squeezed sharply;Russian language is still a main communication tool of inter-ethnic groups.Linguistic policy divided from reality of society gradually,which has made some negative influence to the society heavily,such as the number of emigration was pushed up by serious language condition,the labor service export slow down due to their poor capability of Russian etc.The major characteristic of linguistic policy of the republics is its overload politicization;language has been abused as a tool of politics game by some politicians,has not been treated as the effective resource to improve social and economic development.The trend of linguistic policy has been influenced by population,economy and geo-politics.As a whole,Russian language will not fade away in short-term,and Latinization of languages of Central Asian republics needs more time.

关 键 词：中亚 语言政策 主体民族语 俄语 字母拉丁化 

分 类 号：H002.36[语言文字—语言学]