秦代地方行政文书运作形态之考察——以里耶秦简为中心  

Operational Pattern of Local Administrative Papers in the Qin Dynasty

作　　者：赵炳清[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《史学月刊》2015年第4期5-16,共12页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：里耶秦简中大部分是秦代地方的行政文书,为我们考察文书的运作形态提供了根据。从已经公布的简牍来看,秦代文书的运作形态十分规范。撰写公文由专门的书佐承担,并且要在背面左下角以"某手"的形式签署,此人即为始发公文的责任者。在中间每一步处理环节书写完毕都要紧接着处理意见签写其责任者的名,同样是以"某手"的形式。公文在抄写副本时也要将这些署名照录。收到文书后由责任者发阅,根据公文内容判断是否需要回复或转发。如果不需要,就直接在原简背面最左边写下收文记录并署名"某手"。如果需要回复或转发,就要另制作一份抄件副本,将来文内容抄于其上,并且将原文件的责任人署名照录于副本的同一位置,然后在背面左起第一行写下记录,这些工作完成之后再把来文的原件交给上级处理。在文书运作中,文书的性质也随着"传""别书"而发生变化。对于"某手"的理解,不能简单地认为是书写者的签名,而应是文书的责任人。Most documents in Liye bamboo slips of the Qin dynasty are local administrative papers,so they provide us a number of materials for studying operational pattern of papers.Operation of documents are rather standardized in the published Qin Liye bamboo documents.Official paper was written by a specific secretary,who signed his name on left bottom of the back of the paper,he was responsible for this paper.In subsequent operation each operator would add his opinion and name on the paper,copying the paper need recording the names in existence.Once received a paper,the responsible person would read it,then decidesd whether or not reply or transfer it.If it was no need to do so,he wrote his received record on far left of the back of the bamboo document and signed on it his name.If needed a reply,he would make another copy and transcript the content of the document and the existed names on the new bamboo slip in the same place,then giae a record on the left first line.After completion of this work,the document was passed to the superior to decide.Nature of a document changed in its operation.The names on it are not simple signatures,it refers to the person in charge.

关 键 词：里耶秦简 行政文书 运作形态 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]