构建中国羊毛产业贸易新常态的思考  

Study on the Construction of the New Normal of China's Wool Industry Trade

作　　者：杨枝煌[1] 陈潇霖 

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会经济与文化研究中心,北京100871 [2]中央财经大学商学院,北京102206

出　　处：《农业展望》2015年第3期76-81,共6页Agricultural Outlook

摘　　要：入世十多年来,中国农业发展开始出现生产危机,并带动农牧加工业和农产品贸易危机。羊毛产业方面,中国存在严重的橄榄型困境,即产业链上游的毛纺原料生产受制于国外,中游的加工环节产能过剩、织布档次较低,造成环境污染,下游的服装生产市场占有率低且无法挤进高端市场。上游困境迫使羊业牧民不得不停止饲养毛用羊转而饲养肉用羊,通过卖羊肉来维持生存;毛纺企业不得不竞相争取进口配额来进口澳大利亚优质细羊毛,或者扩大来料加工以解决产能过剩问题。因此,中国亟需通过打造质量、服务、技术、品牌等外贸新优势,改革农牧业生产管理扶助机制,保持一定规模的细羊毛生产;改革农产品进出口管理制度,加快扩大羊毛进口;改革毛纺产业技术研发推广制度,提升纺织水平和质量档次,进而构建毛纺产业新常态,实现新突破、新成效、新飞跃。After over ten years of joining the WTO, China＇s agricultural development began to face production crisis, which led to the crises in the field of agriculture animal husbandry processing and agricultural products trade. There was a serious olivary dilemma in China for wool industry, that was, the wool spinning raw material production in the upstream of wool industry chain was subject to foreign countries, processing sectors in the midstream was overcapacity with low-grade fabric, which brought about environmental pollution, and the clothing production in the downstream having low market share could not be squeezed into the high-end market. The upstream dilemma forced herdsmen to stop feeding wool-sheep and turn to raise meat-sheep and sell mutton for survival, meanwhile, wool spinning companies had to compete for wool import quotas to import high-quality fine wool from Australia or expand processing of materials supplied by the foreign businessmen to solve overcapacity problems. Therefore, China should create new foreign trade advantages of quality, service, technology and brand, reform production management support mechanisms of agricultural animal husbandry and maintain a certain amount of fine wool production;reform agricultural products import and export management system and accelerate the expansion of wool imports; reform the research and promotion system of wool spinning industrial technology and improve the level and quality of textile, and then construct the new normal of wool spinning industry to achieve new breakthroughs, new effectiveness and new leap.

关 键 词：羊毛产业 毛纺原料 进出口 配额 新常态 新优势 

分 类 号：F426.81[经济管理—产业经济]