香格里拉县小型兽类寄生蚤群落多样性特征  

Characteristics of Diversity of Fleas Communities on Small Animals of Shangrila County, Yunnan Province

作　　者：洪梅[1] 刘正祥[1] 杨桂荣[1] 吴爱国[1] 王国良[1] 宋志忠[1] 高子厚[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所/云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室/云南省鼠疫防治研究中心,云南大理671000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第8期1483-1488,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30960331);卫生行业科研专项(201202021)

摘　　要：目的调查香格里拉县小型兽类体外寄生蚤群落结构及多样性特征。方法以香格里拉6个乡镇（海拔2 500-4 900 m）作为调查的空间,采用笼捕（室内）和夹捕（山区）方法进行小兽体表寄生蚤的调查取样,所获资料进行蚤类群落组织水平的测定和比较。结果 2011年6-7月,在该地区不同生境和海拔带中,共捕获小型兽类4目7科14属21种425只,检获寄生蚤334只（3科7亚科15属26种）。多样性分析结果显示：4种不同生境及4个不同海拔梯度带的Shannon-Winner多样性指数分别在1.0322-1.8275之间和1.2608-1.7269之间;Pielou均匀度指数在0.6414-0.6925之间和0.6063-0.6570之间;Simpson优势度指数在0.2557-0.5442之间和0.2999-0.4245;Margalef丰富度指数在1.3138-2.9185之间和1.4980-3.0300之间。不同生境中,林区的蚤类物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数最高,而优势度指数最低;居民区的蚤类物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数最低,而优势度指数最高。从海拔垂直带看,以3 500-4 000 m之间寄生蚤物种丰富度指数和多样性指数最高,4 000 m以上次之,其他两个垂直带较低;不同生境和海拔带蚤类Whittaker群落相似性指数比较结果为中等不相似或极不相似。结论香格里拉县小型兽类寄生蚤群落物种多样性因生境和海拔的差异而不同,其多样性以林区生境最高,农耕地和高山草甸次之,居民区较低,而蚤类多样性的垂直分布呈现为单峰格局,总体显示出随着海拔的升高,先升高后降低的分布特征。Objective The present study was undertaken to understand the community structure and diversity of fleas habituating on small animals in Shangrila County, Yunnan Province. Methods Six towns of the investigated county were selected as sampling sites.Rodents were captured with the use of trap cage indoors and nip trap in mountain areas. Ectoparasitic fleas were collected and identified to species. Statistical methods were used to characterize the community structure and diversity of fleas collected. Results From June through July 2011, a total of 425 rodents from 4 orders were captured, including 21 species belonging to 7 families or 14 genera.334 fleas belonging to 3 families, 7 subfamilies, 15 genera and 26 species were collected in different ecological habitats and at different elevation. Diversity analysis showed that, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index was 1.0322-1.8275 and 1.2608-1.7269,Pielou Evenness Index was 0.6414-0.6925 and 0.6063-0.6570, Simpson Dominance Index was 0.2557-0.5442 and 0.2999-0.4245, and Margalef Richness Index was 1.3138-2.9185 and 1.4980-3.0300, respectively, for four different ecological habitats and four different elevation. Comparison of fleas living in different habitats indicated that Species Diversity Index, Evenness Index and Richness Index of fleas in forest area were the highest and Dominance Index was the lowest; and the contrary results were found in fleas breeding in residential area. At different altitudes, Richness index and Diversity index of fleas was the highest at the vertical belt of 3500-4000m, followed by 〉4000 m, 2500-3000 m and 3000-3500 m. Whittaker community was moderately different in four habitats and distinctly different at four vertical belts. Conclusion Species diversity of rat fleas varied with habitats and elevation. The diversity was the highest in forest habitat, followed by farmland, and alpine meadow, and was the lowest in residential area. The diversity along altitude gradient presented a unimodal pattern, characterized by an increase and then a decreas

关 键 词：寄生蚤 多样性 香格里拉 

分 类 号：R183.9[医药卫生—流行病学]