毒杀南方根结线虫的木霉种类鉴定及活性研究  

Identification of Trichoderma and its toxicity to Meloidogyne incognita

作　　者：焦俊[1] 韩冰洁[1] 王媛媛[1] 朱晓峰[1] 段玉玺[1] 陈立杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,北方线虫研究所,沈阳110866

出　　处：《植物保护》2015年第2期64-69,共6页Plant Protection

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103018);国家自然科学基金(31171823);沈阳农业大学天柱山学者资助计划

摘　　要：木霉是国际上研究与应用非常普遍的生防真菌之一,具有重要的科研价值和广阔的应用前景。本研究采用形态学鉴定、ITS和β-tubulin序列分析法对4株具有杀线虫活性的木霉菌株进行种类鉴定,结果显示FT311和FT312为绿色木霉（Trichoderma viride）,FT1937和FT85为哈茨木霉（T.harzianum）。利用贝氏皿浸没法测定,4株木霉发酵滤液均能显著降低南方根结线虫卵的孵化和2龄幼虫（J2）的活性,其中FT1937和FT85对卵孵化抑制率和J2致死率均达到85%~92%,而FT311能够达到80%~85%,但FT312毒性较低,仅达40%~60%;2株哈茨木霉的活性好于2株绿色木霉;同时观察到发酵液对线虫卵和幼虫体壁有消解作用、抑制和延迟卵孵化,并使幼虫体内空泡化。本研究为根结线虫病害的生防防治提供了更多的木霉资源信息。Trichodermais a famous biocontrol fungus in the world.Many species of the genus play an important role in controlling plant diseases,and have important scientific value and wide application prospects.In order to identify Trichoderma,the morphology,ITS andβ-tubulin sequences were used to investigate the four strains,FT311,FT312,FT1937 and FT85,in this study.The four strains had been screened previously as biological nematicidal factors against plant nematodes in our laboratory.The results showed that FT311 and FT312 were Trichoderma viride,and FT1937 and FT85 were T.harzianum.The four strains could significantly inhibit the egg hatchability and were highly toxic to the secondary juveniles（J2）of Meloidogyne incognita with Bayesian dish immersion method.FT1937 and FT85 had high toxicity to M.incognita with a J2 corrected mortality of about 85%-92%,and FT311 had a J2 corrected mortality of about 80%-85%,but FT312 had low toxicity,with a corrected mortality of about 40%-60%.Also,the cuticle of juveniles and shell of eggs were digested,eggs hatching delayed,and the intestinal cavity of larvae showed vacuolation.Furthermore,two strains of T.harzianum were better than T.viride in their activity to M.incognita.The study provides more information for the control of the root knot nematode disease with Trichodermain our country.

关 键 词：木霉 种类鉴定 南方根结线虫 杀线虫活性 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]