不同土壤和光照条件对长筒石蒜生长及其净光合速率的影响  

Influence of Soil Nutrient and Light Intensity on the Growth and Net Photosynthetic Rate of Lycoris longituba

作　　者：张鹏翀[1] 鲍淳松[1] 江燕[1] 周虹[1] 冯玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州植物园,杭州310013

出　　处：《农业科技与信息（现代园林）》2015年第4期289-290,共2页Modern Landscape Architecture

基　　金：杭州市西湖风景名胜区管委会科技项目;编号2010-003

摘　　要：近年来,随着长筒石蒜(Lycoris longituba)的推广和应用,相关的研究也相继开展,但目前仍未掌握其科学的栽培技术,来满足对长筒石蒜日益增加的产业化生产和市场需求。本文通过不同土壤和光照条件对长筒石蒜生长和光合特性影响的研究,以揭示出适合长筒石蒜栽培的土壤和光照条件,为其产业化生产提供理论依据和技术参考。选取鳞茎大小一致的开花种球为材料(平均湿重为47.9 g/球)。栽培基质河沙的田间持水量为23.1%,泥炭土选用德国HAWITA(维特)泥炭。于2010年8月底种植,栽植株行距为15×20cm。采用土壤和光照双因素、3水平试验设计,每行(1个重复)种植8个球,3个重复。3种土壤基质分别为沙土,沙土+泥炭土(3:1,上层30cm为沙土,下层10cm为泥炭土)和园土+泥炭土(5:4),分别用A1、A2、A3表示;利用不同层黑色遮荫网进行遮光处理,设置了88%、54%和0%三个遮荫梯度,分别用B1、B2、B3表示。生长量选取了叶数、叶长、鳞茎干重和湿重比4个参数,为了避免移栽对长筒石蒜叶形态的影响,叶片数量和长度于栽种后的二叶期(2011年10月)开始测定,每隔20d左右测定一次(枯叶期除外);鳞茎于2013年6月初统一挖掘称重,称量湿重;将鳞茎放入85℃烘箱中,烘干至恒重,测定其干重。利用LI-6400 XT便携式光合仪(Li-COR,USA)的透明叶室,分别于2012年4月中旬和2013年3月中旬(二和三叶生长的旺盛期)天气晴朗无云日,进行了净光合速率(Pn)的测定,观测时间为9:00am^11:00am,各处理选取基部第2枚成熟叶片的中上部进行测量,3个重复。结果表明:叶片数量、鳞茎干重和湿重比随着光照强度的增加而升高,叶片长度随着光照的增加而减少。适当的土壤养分有利于增加叶片数量和长度、鳞茎干重和湿重比,但过量的土壤养分并没有显著的效果,反而出现下降的趋势。不同土壤基质对旺盛生长的叶片的净光合速率无显著�The effects of soil nutrients and light intensity on the growth and net photosynthetic rate of Lycoris longituba were researched,utilizing flowering bulbswith fresh weight 47.9g in average and the experiments with twofactors and three levels, that was three different soil nutrients（sand, sand＋peat 3：1, garden soil＋peat 5：4） and light intensities（88%, 54%, 0% shading）. The results showed that leaf length, ratio of dry weight and fresh weight in bulb and Pn were raised as light intensity increasing, but leaf number was reduced. Although appropriate soil nutrient could improve leaf number and length, ratioofdry and fresh weight in bulb, excess nutrient in the soil had no significant effect, and even decreased these indexes later. The light intensity had a largeeffect on the Pn of Lycoris longitubathansoil had, butthere wasinteraction betweensoil and light. In addition, according to the analysis ofmultiple linear regressionwith light intensity, nutrient and water content in soil, the correlation coefficients orderedas light intensity soil water content soil nutrient. The results have proved that Lycoris longituba is a sun plant during its foliagevigorous growth, so sufficient light intensity and appropriate soil nutrientare needed for improving its bulb production.

关 键 词：长筒石蒜 土壤 光照 生长量 净光合速率 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]